| HIV-uninfected women (group 1) | HIV-1-positive women on HAART (group 2) | HIV-1-positive women not on HAART (group 3) | p Value (across groups) | |
| Per-woman analysis | ||||
| Women with GUD at least once | 5/22 (22.7%) | 10/30 (33.3%) | 29/68 (42.6%) | 0.22 |
| Women with cervicovaginal HSV-2 DNA detected at least once | 10/22 (45.5%) | 19/30 (63.3%) | 46/68 (67.6%) | 0.17 |
| Per-visit analysis | ||||
| Visits attended | 256/264 (97.0%) | 352/360 (97.8%) | 774/816 (94.8%) | |
| Visits with GUD | 5/256 (1.9%) | 11/352 (3.1%) | 56/774 (7.2%) | 0.002 |
| Visits with detectable cervicovaginal HSV-2 DNA | 11/253 (4.3%) | 34/352 (9.7%) | 119/767 (15.5%) | <0.001 |
| Cervicovaginal HSV-2 DNA detected at | ||||
| Visits with GUD | 0/5 (0%) | 1/11 (9.1%) | 29/56 (51.8%) | 0.06* |
| Visits without GUD | 11/248 (4.4%) | 33/341 (9.7%) | 90/711 (12.7%) | |
| Mean cervicovaginal HSV-2 DNA (95% CI) during visits with detectable HSV-2 DNA, log10 copies/ml | 4.58 (3.72 to 5.44) | 4.61 (4.02 to 5.19) | 4.61 (4.35 to 4.87) | 0.86 |
*p Value for interaction.
GUD, genital ulcer disease; HAART, highly active antiretroviral therapy; HSV, herpes simplex virus.