Summary of studies with significant and non-significant differences in condom use by partnership type, target group and intervention type
| Intervention type | Target population | Significant increase? (P⩽0.05) | Postintervention condom use in studies reporting a significant increase (%) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | Last sex/day | Consistent use | Ever use | ||
| n | (min–max) | |||||
| *Measures defined as: “used at last sex”; “used with all clients in last day worked”; “used during every act for last day worked”; or “mean percentage use with clients in last week”. | ||||||
| †Studies measuring condom use outcomes in more than one population were counted as one study in the total number of studies. | ||||||
| ‡Measure defined as: “using more frequently with marital partner”. | ||||||
| §Measure defined as: “proportion of sex acts in which a condom was used”. | ||||||
| **Measure defined as: “some use during sex in last 6 months”. | ||||||
| ††Measures defined as: “has >1 sex partner and currently uses” or “used condom during STI treatment”. | ||||||
| Partnership type: commercial sex | ||||||
| 1. Mass media/condom social marketing | Truckers | 1 | 0 | – | – | – |
| 2. Peer or other health education for FSWs/high-risk females (may include STI testing and treatment) | FSW; female bar/hotel workers in truck stops | 1 | 11 | 68 to 81* | 56 to 95 | – |
| 3. Peer or other health education for high-risk males (may include STI testing and treatment) | High-risk men; male transport workers; military; FSW clients | 1 | 7 | 19 to 96 | 42 to 56 | |
| 4. VCT (may include STI testing and treatment) | Adult females and males; HIV- males at STI clinic | 1 | 1 | – | 41 | – |
| TOTAL STUDIES | 4 | 15† | ||||
| Partnership type: casual sex | ||||||
| 1. Mass media/condom social marketing | Urban/periurban adult females and males | 0 | 1 | 35 | – | – |
| 2. Peer or other health education (may include STI testing and treatment) | Male miners; adult females and males | 1 | 2 | – | 25 to 48 | – |
| 3. VCT (may include social marketing, peer or other health education) | Adult females and males; HIV- adults | 2 | 0 | – | – | – |
| TOTAL STUDIES | 3 | 3 | ||||
| Partnership type: marital/steady/regular partner sex | ||||||
| 1. Condom social marketing + STI testing and treatment | Male miners | 0 | 2 | 26 | – | – |
| 2. Peer or other health education for low-risk populations (may include STI testing and treatment) | Adult females and males; married rural women; HIV- married women at family planning clinic/postpartum ward | 1 | 2 | – | 5 to 60 | 58‡ |
| 3. Peer or other health education for high-risk populations (may include STI testing and treatment) | FSW; male transport workers; female truck stop workers | 0 | 3 | – | 33 to 88 | – |
| 4. VCT (may include STI testing and treatment) | TB male out-patients; HIV +/− couples; adult females and males | 1 | 2 | 55 to 80§ | 24 | – |
| TOTAL STUDIES | 2 | 9 | ||||
| Partnership type: adolescent and youth sex | ||||||
| 1. Mass media/condom social marketing | Females and males 13–24 years old | 0 | 2 | 31 to 68 | – | – |
| 2. Peer or other health education | Secondary school students; females and males 10–26 years old | 4 | 6 | 45 to 78 | – | 39 to 98** |
| 3. Peer or other health education + mass media/condom social marketing | Females and males 15–24 years old | 2 | 0 | – | – | – |
| TOTAL STUDIES | 6 | 8 | ||||
| Partnership type: combined partnership type | ||||||
| 1. Mass media/condom social marketing (may include STI testing and treatment) | Adult females and males; Males seeking STI treatment | 1 | 2 | – | – | 13 to 36†† |
| 2. Peer or other health education (may include STI testing and treatment) (for injecting drug users includes syringe exchange and community centre) | Rural adults; Health professionals; Males 15+ years old; female ANC out-patients; adult retail workers; adult females and males; women at agricultural sites; urban male slum dwellers; injecting drug users | 4 | 6 | 19 to 42 | – | 22 to 60 |
| 3. Peer or other health education + contraceptive service | Females at postabortion services | 1 | 0 | – | – | – |
| 4. Peer or other health education + mass media/condom social marketing | Semirural adults 18–30 years old | 0 | 1 | – | 8 | – |
| 5. VCT (may include ART programme, social marketing, or peer or other health education) | Urban adults; HIV−/+ adults | 3 | 2 | 71 to 85 | – | – |
| TOTAL STUDIES | 9 | 11 | ||||