Quality of life results by HIP, EuroQoL VAS and SDS*
| Normal Pap smear | Abnormal Pap smear | Biopsy confirmed CIN | External genital warts | Total population | |||
| LSIL | HSIL | CIN 1 | CIN 2/3 | ||||
| N | 101 | 58 | 52 | 36 | 44 | 40 | 333 |
| HIP score | |||||||
| Observed mean (SD) | 25.8 (14.6) | 38.8 (17.5) | 42.2 (18.3) | 41.7 (14.8) | 46.6 (16.0) | 45.7 (19.9) | 37.6 (18.4) |
| Univariate analysis | |||||||
| Mean (95% CI) | 25.8 (22.6 to 29.1) | 38.8 (34.5 to 43.1) | 42.2 (37.6 to 46.7) | 41.7 (36.2 to 47.2) | 46.6 (41.6 to 51.5) | 45.7 (40.6 to 50.9) | |
| p Value vs normal | – | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| Multivariate analysis | |||||||
| Mean*(95% CI) | 25.8 (19.7 to 31.9) | 36.1 (29.1 to 43.1) | 39.6 (32.2 to 47.0) | 38.1 (29.9 to 46.3) | 45.1 (37.4 to 52.7) | 41.6 (33.9 to 49.4) | |
| p Value vs normal | – | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| EuroQoL VAS | |||||||
| Observed mean (SD) | 77.5 (16.4) | 78.4 (16.6) | 76.2 (18.9) | 78.3 (12.5) | 76.8 (16.7) | 68.9 (21.4) | 76.4 (17.3) |
| Univariate analysis | |||||||
| Mean (95% CI)† | 77.5 (74.3 to 80.6) | 78.4 (74.3 to 82.6) | 76.2 (71.2 to 81.3) | 78.3 (74.4 to 82.3) | 76.8 (72.0 to 81.6) | 68.9 (62.3 to 75.5) | |
| p Value vs normal | – | 0.726 | 0.682 | 0.736 | 0.814 | 0.022 | |
| Multivariate analysis | |||||||
| Mean‡ (95% CI)† | 79.7 (74.4 to 85.1) | 80.7 (74.0 to 87.4) | 78.5 (71.4 to 85.6) | 80.5 (73.5 to 87.6) | 78.8 (71.3 to 86.3) | 71.4 (63.3 to 79.6) | |
| p Value vs normal | – | 0.741 | 0.716 | 0.794 | 0.765 | 0.042 | |
| SDS work§, n (%) | |||||||
| Not at all | 69 (68) | 37 (64) | 24 (46) | 18 (50) | 15 (34) | 18 (45) | 181 (55) |
| Mild | 20 (20) | 13 (22) | 21 (40) | 12 (33) | 17 (39) | 13 (32.5) | 96 (29) |
| Moderate | 8 (8) | 6 (10) | 6 (12) | 6 (17) | 9 (20) | 4 (10) | 39 (12) |
| Marked | 4 (4) | 2 (3) | 1 (2) | 0 | 3 (7) | 5 (12.5) | 15 (5) |
| Univariate analysis | |||||||
| OR (95% CI) | ref | 1.2 (0.6 to 2.4) | 2.5 (1.3 to 5.0) | 2.2 (1.0 to 4.7) | 4.2 (2.0 to 8.8) | 2.6 (1.2 to 5.6) | |
| p Value vs normal | – | 0.560 | 0.009 | 0.052 | <0.001 | 0.011 | |
| Multivariate analysis | |||||||
| OR (95% CI)¶ | ref | 1.3 (0.6 to 2.7) | 2.8 (1.4 to 5.8) | 2.5 (1.1 to 5.8) | 4.4 (2.0 to 9.5) | 2.7 (1.2 to 6.1) | |
| p Value vs normal | – | 0.451 | 0.005 | 0.031 | <0.001 | 0.019 | |
| SDS social**, n (%) | |||||||
| Not at all | 69 (68) | 36 (62) | 30 (58) | 18 (50) | 18 (41) | 13 (33) | 184 (56) |
| Mild | 18 (18) | 14 (24) | 15 (29) | 13 (36) | 17 (39) | 12 (30) | 89 (27) |
| Moderate | 9 (9) | 8 (14) | 2 (4) | 5 (14) | 6 (14) | 6 (15) | 36 (11) |
| Marked | 5 (5) | 0 (0) | 5 (10) | 0 (0) | 3 (7) | 9 (23) | 22 (7) |
| Univariate analysis | |||||||
| OR (95% CI) | ref | 1.3 (0.7 to 2.6) | 1.6 (0.8 to 3.2) | 2.2 (1.0 to 4.7) | 3.1 (1.5 to 6.5) | 4.5 (2.0 to 9.8) | |
| p Value vs normal | – | 0.424 | 0.194 | 0.052 | 0.002 | <0.001 | |
| Multivariate analysis | |||||||
| OR (95% CI)¶ | ref | 1.3 (0.7 to 2.7) | 1.7 (0.8 to 3.6) | 2.4 (1.1 to 5.6) | 3.3 (1.6 to 7.1) | 4.4 (1.9 to 10.3) | |
| p Value vs normal | – | 0.414 | 0.147 | 0.036 | 0.002 | 0.001 | |
| SDS family††, n (%) | |||||||
| Not at all | 69 (69) | 46 (79) | 36 (69) | 23 (64) | 25 (57) | 24 (60) | 223 (67) |
| Mild | 21 (21) | 8 (14) | 9 (17) | 11 (31) | 11 (25) | 10 (25) | 70 (21) |
| Moderate | 5 (5) | 3 (5) | 6 (12) | 2 (6) | 6 (14) | 5 (13) | 27 (8) |
| Marked | 6 (6) | 1 (2) | 1(2) | 0 (0) | 2 (5) | 1 (3) | 11 (3) |
| Univariate analysis | |||||||
| OR (95% CI) | ref | 0.6 (0.3 to 1.2) | 1.0 (0.5 to 2.0) | 1.2 (0.5 to 2.7) | 1.6 (0.8 to 3.4) | 1.4 (0.7 to 3.1) | |
| p Value vs normal | – | 0.138 | 0.908 | 0.627 | 0.184 | 0.349 | |
| Multivariate analysis | |||||||
| OR (95% CI)¶ | ref | 0.7 (0.3 to 1.6) | 1.3 (0.6 to 2.8) | 1.8 (0.8 to 4.3) | 2.0 (1.0 to 4.4) | 1.9 (0.8 to 4.5) | |
| p Value vs normal | – | 0.410 | 0.527 | 0.173 | 0.067 | 0.124 | |
*Adjusted for age, ethnicity and current partner. The results presented correspond to a 28-year-old white woman with a current partner. The HIP score decreased by 0.35 (95% CI 0.06 to 0.63) per year of increase in age (p = 0.016). Subjects with no current partner had an increase in HIP score of 4.7 (95% CI 0.6 to 8.7; p = 0.025). The effect of ethnicity on HIP score was not statistically significant (p = 0.627); †residuals were not normally distributed; thus, 95% CI were calculated using bootstrap standard errors (1000 replicates); ‡adjusted for age, ethnicity and current partner. The results presented correspond to a 28-year-old white woman with a current partner. The effects of age, ethnicity and current partner on EuroQoL VAS score were not statistically significant (p = 0.496, p = 0.580 and p = 0.177, respectively); §SDS work disruption; ¶adjusted for age, ethnicity and current partner; **SDS social life disruption; ††SDS family life/home responsibilities disruption.
CIN, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; HIP, human papillomavirus impact profile; HSIL, high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion; LSIL, low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion; SD, standard deviation; SDS, Sheehan Disability Scale; VAS, visual analogue scale.