Table 1 Epidemiological data used for fitting model
Epidemiological model parameterValue or range usedData source
HCV prevalence overall17.3% (13.2% to 22.0%)Survey data
HCV prevalence among injectors ⩽2 years14.5% (7.7% to 23.9%)Survey data
HCV prevalence among injectors >2 years18.2% (13.3% to 24.1%)Survey data
HCV prevalence if syringe share by source of most syringes:
    Pharmacy, shop, hospital, health worker17.3% (8.9% to 25.7%)Survey data
    Found, IDU, drug dealer, friend, etc23.1% (11.2% to 34.9%)Survey data
HIV prevalence overall2.7% (1.2% to 5.2%)Survey data
Prevalence of HCV among HIV positives100% (63.1% to 100%)Survey data
Prevalence of HCV among HIV negatives15.0% (11.1% to 19.6%)Survey data
Prevalence of HCV in general population*6.2% (4.4% to 8.5%)Reference 21
Year HIV introduced into Rawalpindi1995–2005References 13, 14, 17, 37
  • HCV, hepatitis C virus; IDU, intravenous drug user.

  • Values in parentheses are 95% confidence intervals.

  • *Not used for fitting model, but assumed to be the HCV prevalence of newly initiated injecting drug users.