| Characteristics | Men (n = 395) | Women (n = 499) | p Value |
| General | |||
| Age, years, median (range) | 37 (19–74) | 36 (19–67) | 0.05 |
| Months since HIV diagnosis, median (range) | 31 (0–260) | 64 (0–232) | <0.001 |
| None or primary education, n/N (%) | 134/393 (34.1) | 227/499 (45.5) | 0.001 |
| Behaviour | |||
| Sexual intercourse in last 3 months | 247/395 (62.5) | 299/499 (59.9) | 0.4 |
| Steady partner in last 3 months | 184/230 (80.0) | 217/263 (82.5) | 0.5 |
| Condom use last sex | 90/138 (65.2) | 166/203 (81.8) | 0.001 |
| HIV status disclosed | 60/91 (65.9) | 174/211 (82.5) | 0.002 |
| Partner HIV status unknown | 85/184 (46.2) | 91/217 (41.9) | 0.4 |
| Partner received HIV test | 99/184 (53.8) | 126/217 (58.1) | 0.4 |
| Partner HIV negative | 45/99 (45.5) | 42/126 (33.3) | 0.07 |
| Casual partner in last 3 months | 90/225 (40.0) | 37/259 (14.3) | <0.001 |
| Condom use last sex | 34/70 (48.6) | 17/28 (60.7) | 0.3 |
| Bought sex in last 3 months | 43/223 (19.3) | NA | NA |
| Condom use last sex | 7/26 (26.9) | NA | NA |
| Sold sex in last 3 months | 1/195 (0.5) | 5/263 (1.9) | 0.2 |
| MSM in last 3 months* | 44/178 (24.7) | NA | NA |
| Clinical | |||
| STI-related symptoms | 8/395 (2.0) | 78/499 (15.6) | <0.001 |
| STI-related examination findings† | 4/8 (50.0) | 24/499 (4.8) | NA |
| Median CD4 cell count, cell/mm3 (range) | 194 (1–1051) | 285 (1–1475) | <0.001 |
| Current ARV treatment, n/N (%) | 187/369 (50.7) | 344/458 (75.1) | <0.001 |
| Median duration of ARV treatment, months (range) | 19.2 (0.4–129.1) | 24.5 (0.3–115.1) | 0.02 |
| Missed ARV dose in last 3 days, n/N (%) | 3/187 (1.6) | 1/344 (0.3) | 0.1 |
| STI, n/N (%) | |||
| Genital ulcer | 4/395 (1.0) | 7/499 (1.4) | 0.8 |
| Chlamydia | 3/393 (0.8) | 4/423 (0.9) | 1.0 |
| Gonorrhoea | 5/393 (1.3) | 6/423 (1.4) | 0.9 |
| Trichomonas | NA | 13/499 (2.6) | NA |
| VDRL reactive | 32/392 (8.2) | 11/498 (2.2) | <0.001 |
| VDRL titer ⩾1: 8 | 4/392 (1.0) | 1/498 (0.2) | 0.2 |
| Any STI positive result‡ | 42/394 (10.7) | 36/499 (7.2) | 0.08 |
*178 (72.1%) of the 247 men who reported sexual intercourse in the last 3 months were asked about sex with men; †STI-related findings included genital ulcer, inflamed cervix, yellow or green vaginal discharge, adnexal or cervical motion tenderness (women) and genital ulcer, urethral discharge, swollen testis (men); ‡any STI-positive result included reactive syphilis serology or a positive test result indicating chlamydia, gonorrhoea or trichomoniasis.
Numbers may vary due to missing data. ARV, antiretroviral; MSM, men who had sex with men; NA, not applicable/not available; STI, sexually transmitted infection; VDRL, Venereal Disease Research Laboratory.