+/total | OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p Value* | |
Banthas | ||||
Current infection | ||||
Demographic indicators | ||||
Living arrangement | ||||
Daira | 0/1 | |||
Family | 39/249 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.07 |
Other | 7/21 | 2.51 (0.96 to 6.56) | 2.51 (0.96 to 6.56) | |
HSV-2/HIV infection | ||||
Demographic indicators | ||||
Increasing age | 1.24 (1.14 to 1.35) | 1.24 (1.14 to 1.34) | <0.001 | |
Khotki | ||||
Current infection | ||||
Recent sexual behaviour | ||||
Condom use during last anal sex | ||||
No | 35/254 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.02 |
Yes | 7/114 | 0.41 (0.18 to 0.95) | 0.38 (0.16 to 0.91) | |
Years engaged in sex work | ||||
<5 | 7/86 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.05 |
5–9 | 15/165 | 1.13 (0.44 to 2.88) | 1.67 (0.63 to 4.44) | |
10+ | 20/117 | 2.33 (0.94 to 5.78) | 3.35 (1.29 to 8.72) | |
HSV-2 infection | ||||
Demographic indicators | ||||
Increasing age | 1.25 (1.18 to 1.32) | 1.27 (1.19 to 1.36) | <0.0001 | |
Family lives in same city | ||||
Yes | 40/250 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.03 |
No | 12/118 | 0.59 (0.30 to 1.18) | 0.39 (0.16 to 0.96) | |
Recent sexual behaviour | ||||
Number of new clients in the last week | ||||
0 | 18/46 | 1.00 | 1.00 | <0.0001 |
1–2 | 21/132 | 0.29 (0.14 to 0.63) | 0.45 (0.17 to 1.15) | |
3+ | 13/190 | 0.11 (0.05 to 0.26) | 0.15 (0.06 to 0.42) | |
Number of non-paying partners in last year | ||||
0 | 11/128 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.02 |
1 | 22/134 | 2.09 (0.97 to 4.51) | 3.50 (1.24 to 9.89) | |
2+ | 19/106 | 2.32 (1.05 to 5.13) | 3.42 (1.19 to 9.85) | |
Khusra | ||||
Current infection | ||||
Demographic indicators | ||||
City of residence | ||||
Rawalpindi | 111/254 | 1.00 | 1.00 | <0.001 |
Abbottabad | 2/17 | 0.17 (0.04 to 0.77) | 0.08 (0.01 to 0.42) | |
Other income (not sex work-related) | ||||
No | 83/216 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.03 |
Yes | 27/49 | 1.97 (1.05 to 3.68) | 1.97 (1.05 to 3.68) | |
Recent sexual behaviour | ||||
Condom use during last anal sex | ||||
No | 98/203 | 1.00 | 1.00 | <0.001 |
Yes | 15/68 | 0.30 (0.16 to 0.57) | 0.33 (0.17 to 0.65) | |
Past sexual behaviour | ||||
Age at first sex with a man | ||||
<12 | 14/51 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.03 |
12–15 | 77/180 | 1.98 (1.00 to 3.91) | 2.16 (1.00 to 4.65) | |
16–17 | 17/31 | 3.21 (1.26 to 8.19) | 3.60 (1.24 to 10.43) | |
18+ | 5/8 | 4.40 (0.93 to 20.92) | 10.82 (1.11 to 105.44) | |
First sex with man was forced | ||||
No | 84/219 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.003 |
Yes | 29/50 | 2.22 (1.19 to 4.14) | 2.96 (1.44 to 6.09) | |
HSV-2 infection | ||||
Demographic indicators | ||||
Increasing age | 1.16 (1.11 to 1.21) | 1.17 (1.11 to 1.23) | <0.0001 | |
Recent sexual behaviour | ||||
Condom use during last anal sex | ||||
No | 119/203 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.04 |
Yes | 24/68 | 0.39 (0.22 to 0.68) | 0.48 (0.25 to 0.93) | |
First sex with man was forced | ||||
No | 110/219 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.03 |
Yes | 32/50 | 1.76 (0.93 to 3.33) | 2.21 (1.03 to 4.76) | |
Health care and knowledge | ||||
Ever heard of HIV or AIDS | ||||
No | 99/163 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.03 |
Yes | 44/108 | 0.44 (0.27 to 0.73) | 0.54 (0.30 to 0.96) |
CI, confidence interval; HSV-2, herpes simplex virus 2; OR, odds ratio.
*p Value derived from likelihood ratio test.