| Characteristic | Lepto+ | Lepto− | OR (95% CI) | UU-2+ | UU-2− | OR (95% CI) | UP+ | UP− | OR (95% CI) | A vaginae+ | A vaginae− | OR (95% CI) | BVAB1+ | BVAB1− | OR (95% CI) |
| n = 31 | n = 19 | n = 16 | n = 34 | n = 15 | n = 32 | n = 27 | n = 23 | n = 14 | n = 36 | ||||||
| No (%) | No (%) | No (%) | No (%) | No (%) | No (%) | No (%) | No (%) | No (%) | No (%) | ||||||
| Demographic | |||||||||||||||
| Age, years | |||||||||||||||
| <25 | 17 (54.8) | 10 (52.6) | 1.1 (0.4 to 3.4) | 10 (62.5) | 17 (50.0) | 1.7 (0.5 to 5.6) | 8 (53.3) | 17 (53.1) | 1.0 (0.3 to 3.4) | 14 (51.9) | 13 (56.5) | 0.8 (0.3 to 2.5) | 8 (57.4) | 19 (52.8) | 1.2 (0.3 to 4.1) |
| ⩾25 | 14 (45.2) | 9 (47.4) | Ref group | 6 (37.5) | 17 (50.0) | Ref group | 7 (46.7) | 15 (46.9) | Ref group | 13 (48.2) | 10 (43.5) | Ref group | 6 (42.9) | 17 (47.2) | Ref group |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||||||||||||
| American | 23 (74.2) | 7 (36.8) | 4.9 (1.4 to 16.9) | 12 (75.0) | 18 (52.9) | 2.7 (0.7 to 10.0) | 9 (60.0) | 19 (59.4) | 1.0 (0.3 to 3.6) | 19 (70.4) | 11 (47.8) | 2.6 (0.8 to 8.3) | 9 (64.3) | 21 (58.3) | 1.3 (0.4 to 4.6) |
| White/Hispanic/other | 8 (25.8) | 12 (63.2) | Ref group | 4 (25.0) | 6 (47.1) | Ref group | 6 (40.0) | 13 (40.6) | Ref group | 8 (29.6) | 12 (52.2) | Ref group | 5 (35.7) | 15 (41.7) | Ref group |
| Education | |||||||||||||||
| <High school | 12 (38.7) | 5 (26.3) | 1.8 (0.5 to 6.2) | 7 (43.8) | 10 (29.4) | 1.9 (0.5 to 6.4) | 4 (26.7) | 11 (34.4) | 0.7 (0.2 to 2.7) | 9 (33.3) | 8 (34.8) | 0.9 (0.3 to 3.0) | 6 (42.9) | 11 (30.6) | 1.7 (0.5 to 6.1) |
| ⩾High school | 19 (61.3) | 14 (73.7) | Ref group | 9 (56.3) | 24 (70.6) | Ref group | 11 (73.3) | 21 (65.6) | Ref group | 18 (66.7) | 15 (65.2) | Ref group | 8 (57.1) | 25 (69.4) | Ref group |
| Insured | |||||||||||||||
| No | 17 (77.3) | 6 (50.0) | 3.4 (0.8 to 15.4) | 7 (63.6) | 16 (69.6) | 0.8 (0.2 to 3.5) | 5 (50.0) | 18 (81.8) | 0.2 (0.0 to 1.2) | 16 (84.2) | 7 (46.7) | 6.1 (1.2 to 30.1) | 9 (75.0) | 14 (63.6) | 1.7 (0.4 to 8.2) |
| Yes | 5 (22.7) | 6 (50.0) | Ref group | 4 (36.4) | 7 (30.4) | Ref group | 5 (50.0) | 4 (18.2) | Ref group | 3 (15.8) | 8 (53.3) | Ref group | 3 (25.0) | 8 (36.4) | Ref group |
| Medical history | |||||||||||||||
| History of STI | 19 (61.3) | 11 (57.9) | 1.2 (0.4 to 3.7) | 10 (62.5) | 20 (58.8) | 1.2 (0.3 to 4.0) | 8 (53.3) | 20 (62.5) | 0.7 (0.2 to 2.4) | 17 (63.0) | 13 (56.5) | 1.3 (0.4 to 4.1) | 9 (64.3) | 21 (58.3) | 1.3 (0.4 to 4.6) |
| History of GC | 10 (32.3) | 2 (10.5) | 4.1 (0.8 to 21.0) | 5 (31.3) | 7 (20.6) | 1.8 (0.5 to 6.7) | 3 (20.0) | 9 (28.1) | 0.6 (0.1 to 2.8) | 8 (29.6) | 4 (17.4) | 2.0 (0.5 to 7.8) | 5 (35.7) | 7 (19.4) | 2.3 (0.6 to 9.1) |
| History of CT | 9 (30.0) | 10 (52.6) | 0.4 (0.1 to 1.3) | 7 (43.8) | 12 (36.4) | 1.4 (0.4 to 4.6) | 5 (33.3) | 13 (41.9) | 0.7 (0.2 to 2.5) | 9 (33.3) | 10 (45.5) | 0.6 (0.2 to 1.9) | 5 (35.7) | 14 (40.0) | 0.8 (0.2 to 3.0) |
| History of Trichomonas | 8 (25.8) | 1 (5.3) | 6.3 (0.7 to 54.8) | 1 (6.3) | 8 (23.5) | 0.2 (0.02 to 1.9) | 4 (26.7) | 4 (12.5) | 2.5 (0.5 to 12.0) | 8 (29.6) | 1 (4.4) | 9.3 (1.1 to 80.9) | 3 (21.4) | 6 (16.7) | 1.4 (0.3 to 6.4) |
| History of BV | 6 (20.0) | 2 (10.5) | 2.1 (0.4 to 11.8) | 2 (12.5) | 6 (18.2) | 0.6 (0.1 to 3.6) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (25.8) | – | 4 (14.8) | 4 (18.2) | 0.8 (0.2 to 3.6) | 3 (21.4) | 5 (14.3) | 1.6 (0.3 to 8.0) |
| History of PID | 5 (16.7) | 4 (21.1) | 0.8 (0.2 to 3.2) | 4 (25.0) | 5 (15.2) | 1.9 (0.4 to 8.2) | 2 (13.3) | 5 (16.1) | 0.8 (0.1 to 4.7) | 5 (19.2) | 4 (17.4) | 1.1 (0.3 to 4.8) | 2 (15.4) | 7 (19.4) | 0.8 (0.1 to 4.2) |
| Sexual history | |||||||||||||||
| Sexually active | 26 (83.8) | 17 (89.5) | 0.6 (0.1 to 3.5) | 14 (87.5) | 29 (85.3) | 1.2 (0.2 to 7.0) | 11 (73.3) | 30 (93.8) | 0.2 (0.0 to 1.1) | 24 (88.9) | 19 (82.6) | 1.7 (0.3 to 8.5) | 13 (92.9) | 30 (83.3) | 2.6 (0.3 to 23.8) |
| Rare/occasional condom use* | 17 (65.4) | 14 (82.4) | 0.4 (0.1 to 1.8) | 12 (85.7) | 19 (65.5) | 3.2 (0.6 to 17.0) | 9 (81.8) | 21 (70.0) | 1.9 (0.3 to 10.8) | 15 (62.5) | 16 (84.2) | 0.3 (0.1 to 1.4) | 9 (69.2) | 22 (73.3) | 0.8 (0.2 to 3.4) |
| New sexual partner | 4 (12.9) | 1 (5.3) | 2.7 (0.3 to 25.8) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (14.7) | – | 2 (13.3) | 3 (9.4) | 1.5 (0.2 to 10.0) | 4 (14.8) | 7 (4.4) | 3.8 (0.3 to 37.0) | 3 (21.4) | 2 (5.6) | 4.6 (0.7 to 31.4) |
| Behavioural | |||||||||||||||
| Douched within last month | 20 (64.5) | 7 (36.8) | 3.1 (1.0 to 10.2) | 7 (43.8) | 20 (58.8) | 0.5 (0.2 to 1.8) | 11 (73.3) | 14 (43.8) | 3.5 (0.9 to 13.5) | 18 (66.7) | 9 (39.1) | 3.1 (1.0 to 9.9) | 9 (64.3) | 18 (50.0) | 1.8 (0.5 to 6.4) |
| Drug use | 5 (16.1) | 5 (26.3) | 0.5 (0.1 to 2.2) | 4 (25.0) | 6 (17.7) | 1.6 (0.4 to 6.5) | 3 (20.0) | 6 (18.8) | 1.1 (0.2 to 5.1) | 5 (18.5) | 5 (21.7) | 0.8 (0.2 to 3.3) | 2 (14.3) | 8 (22.2) | 0.6 (0.1 to 3.2) |
| Current smoker | 13 (41.9) | 8 (42.1) | 1.0 (0.3 to 3.2) | 9 (56.3) | 12 (35.3) | 2.4 (0.7 to 7.9) | 5 (33.3) | 14 (43.8) | 0.6 (0.2 to 2.3) | 13 (48.2) | 8 (34.8) | 1.7 (0.6 to 5.5) | 5 (35.7) | 16 (44.4) | 0.7 (0.2 to 2.5) |
*Condoms used in 0–5 out of 10 sexual encounters. BV, bacterial vaginosis; BVAB1, bacterial vaginosis-associated bacteria type 1; CT, Chlamydia trachomatis; GC, gonococcus; Lepto, Leptotrichia; OR, odds ratio; PID, pelvic inflammatory disease; STI, sexually transmitted infection; UP, Ureaplasma parvum; UU-2, Ureaplasma urealyticum biovar 2.