Table 2 Prevalence of and determinants for opting out among 10 673 new consultations to heterosexual visitors (standard protocol) with previous negative or unknown HIV serostatus, STI outpatient clinic, Health Service of Amsterdam, 2007
No opting out/total no in category (%)Univariate OR (95% CI)Adjusted OR† (95% CI)p Value
New consultations640/10 673 (6.0)
Sex
    Male (vs female)349/4584 (7.6)1.64 (1.40 to 1.93)1.39 (1.16 to 1.67)
Age median (tested 26 (IQR 22–34) not tested 29 (IQR 24–38))
Mean age, years
    <29331/6748 (4.9)11
    30–39163/2392 (6.8)1.42 (1.17 to 1.72)1.35 (1.11 to 1.66)<0.001
    40–49108/1075 (10.0)2.17 (1.73 to 2.72)2.03 (1.60 to 2.56)<0.001
    ⩾5038/459 (8.3)1.75 (1.23 to 2.48)1.51 (1.05 to 2.14)<0.001
Ethnicity
    Dutch376/6751 (5.6)11
    Other96/1746 (5.5)0.99 (0.78 to 1.24)0.91 (0.71 to 1.17)
    Sub-Saharan African51/455 (11.2)2.14 (1.57 to 2.92)1.96 (1.42 to 2.70)<0.001
    Northern African16/219 (7.3)1.33 (0.80 to 2.25)1.09 (0.64 to 1.84)
    Turkish13/139 (9.4)1.75 (0.98 to 3.13)1.24 (0.69 to 2.24)
    Surinam/Antillean88/1364 (6.5)1.17 (0.92 to 1.49)1.18 (0.92 to 1.51)
HIV test
    Never been tested before (vs ever tested)304/4048 (7.5)1.52 (1.30 to 1.78)1.65 (1.40 to 1.95)
Triage items*
    STI-related complaints (vs no complaints)482/6841 (7.0)1.73 (1.44 to 2.08)1.67 (1.38 to 2.02)
    Notified by sexual partner (vs not notified)85/1615 (5.3)0.85 (0.67 to 1.08)
    Receiving payment for sex (vs no payment)53/802 (6.6)1.12 (0.84 to 1.50)1.70 (1.21 to 2.38)
Diagnoses at consultation*
    Gonorrhoea (vs no gonorrhoea)23/315 (7.3)1.24 (0.81 to 1.92)
    Chlamydia (vs no chlamydia)87/1822 (4.8)0.75 (0.60 to 0.95)
    Hepatitis B carrier (vs no carrier)10/78 (12.8)2.33 (1.19 to 4.54)
    Infectious syphilis (vs no infectious syphilis)4/25 (16.0)2.99 (1.03 to 8.76)
    Genital HSV I/II (vs no HSV)26/286 (9.1)1.59 (1.06 to 2.40)1.62 (1.07 to 2.45)
    Genital warts (vs no warts)32/574 (5.6)0.92 (0.64 to 1.33)
    Non-specific ulcus (vs no or specific ulcus)9/129 (7.0)1.18 (0.60 to 2.33)
Vaginal sex
    No vaginal sex or vaginal sex with condom121/1500 (8.1)11
    Unprotected vaginal sex casual partner only207/3782 (5.5)0.66 (0.52 to 0.83)0.74 (0.58 to 0.95)<0.001
    Unprotected vaginal sex steady partner only228/3602 (6.3)0.77 (0.61 to 0.97)0.79 (0.62 to 1.00)
    Unprotected vaginal sex casual plus steady partners84/1790 (4.7)0.56 (0.42 to 0.75)0.60 (0.44 to 0.80)<0.001
Anal sex
    No anal sex or anal sex with condom569/8714 (6.5)11
    Unprotected anal sex casual partner only25/823 (3.0)0.45 (0.30 to 0.67)0.62 (0.41 to 0.95)<0.001
    Unprotected anal sex steady partner only45/1039 (4.3)0.65 (0.48 to 0.88)0.77 (0.56 to 1.07)
    Unprotected anal sex casual plus steady partners1/98 (1.0)0.15 (0.02 to 1.06)0.19 (0.03 to 1.41)
Injecting drug use2/21 (9.5)1.65 (0.38 to 7.11)
  • *Visitors may score on several items; †Odds ratios (OR) in the multivariate model are adjusted for all factors for which adjusted OR are shown. HSV, herpes simplex virus; IQR, interquartile range; STI, sexually transmitted infection.