Table 1

Comparison of questionnaire-based studies

PopulationSizeResponse rateDFormatValidation processQ
Munday17GUM clinic300100%W+
UK
Rogstad18GUM clinic99099% responseW+
UK98% completion
Hudson16GUM clinic12181%W+
UK
Gupta et al19Re-attendees at GUM clinic9893%W+
UK
Monteiro712 GUM clinic263680–100%WLikert+
UK
Hope and MacArthur205 GUM clinics29782.5%W++
UK
Opaneye9GUM clinic400W+
UK200 each year
2 years
Hope et al13GUM clinic compared with HIV clinic389 GUMCompletion rate 36%W++
UK
Mashamba and Robson4Youth only combined FPC/GUM clinic Zimbabwe30100%V+
Every 3rd user
Challenor118 GUM clinics1747WLikertPre pilot and validation with 20 patients++
UKPiloted with 400 patients
Kinn et al8Integrated GUM/FPC clinic1335 (2000)17% (2000)WPiloted 1 week period prior to main study+
UK644 (2001)8% (2001)
Repeated at yearly interval
Miles et al15Female GUM clinic132—nurse-led clinic90%WLikertValidated questionnaire adopted; draft questionnaire tested; piloted with 43 patients; readministered to confirm stability++
UK150—doctor-led clinic
Melville et al10Integrated service GUM and FPC100 from each clinic100%V++
UK
Women
Hayter6Youth club clinics16666%W+
UK
Mehta et al52 GUM clinicsA –295A −75%VValidated CAHPS (consumer assessment of healthcare providers and systems), VRQ (patient visit rating questionnaire) surveys used++
USA—free clinical servicesB –204B −90.8%
Ingram and Salmon213 GUM clinics15389%W+
UK
1st attendance
Sheriff14GUM24WLikertExisting questionnaires received input from staff to design the questionnaire; redrafted several times++
UK
Follow-up patients
Perry and Thurston12GUM clinic86 and 36WLikert+
UK
1999–2000, 2001–2003

  • Blank cells indicate that data were not available.

  • D, Delivery; FPC, family planning (primarily contraceptive services); GUM, genitourinary medicine (primarily STI screening/testing services); Q, quality; V, verbal; W, written.