Categorical correlates of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine acceptability among heterosexual men (n=296)
| No. willing to get HPV vaccine/total no. in category (n%) | Bivariate OR (95% CI) | Multivariate OR (95% CI) | |
| Demographic characteristics | |||
| Age (y) | |||
| 18–26 | 13/34 (38) | 1.17 (0.54 to 2.55) | – |
| 27–45 | 49/126 (39) | 1.21 (0.73 to 1.99) | – |
| 46–59 | 47/136 (35) | ref. | – |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| White, non-Hispanic | 79/230 (34) | ref. | – |
| Other race/ethnicity | 30/66 (45) | 1.59 (0.91 to 2.78) | – |
| Marital status | |||
| Divorced, widowed, separated, never married | 49/97 (51) | ref. | ref. |
| Living with partner or married | 60/199 (30) | 0.42 (0.26 to 0.70)** | 0.59 (0.31 to 1.12) |
| Parent of daughter aged 9–26 y† | |||
| No | 30/210 (38) | ref. | – |
| Yes | 29/86 (34) | 0.83 (0.49 to 1.40) | – |
| Education | |||
| No college degree | 76/197 (39) | ref. | – |
| College degree | 33/99 (33) | 0.80 (0.48 to 1.32) | – |
| Household income | |||
| <$60000 | 52/147 (35) | ref. | – |
| ≥$60000 | 57/149 (38) | 1.13 (0.71 to 1.82) | – |
| Employment status | |||
| Not currently employed | 18/58 (31) | ref. | – |
| Currently employed | 91/238 (38) | 1.38 (0.74 to 2.54) | – |
| Health insurance status | |||
| No | 18/52 (35) | ref. | – |
| Yes | 91/244 (37) | 1.12 (0.60 to 2.10) | – |
| Urbanicity | |||
| Rural | 12/54 (22) | ref. | ref. |
| Urban | 97/242 (40) | 2.34 (1.17 to 4.67)* | 3.63 (1.47 to 8.96)** |
| Geographic region | |||
| Midwest | 22/64 (34) | ref. | – |
| Northeast | 18/52 (35) | 1.01 (0.47 to 2.18) | – |
| South | 42/113 (37) | 1.13 (0.60 to 2.15) | – |
| West | 27/67 (40) | 1.29 (0.63 to 2.62) | – |
| HPV and HPV vaccine | |||
| Awareness and knowledge about HPV | |||
| Never heard of HPV prior to survey | 39/114 (34) | 0.50 (0.26 to 0.96)* | 0.41 (0.18 to 0.97)* |
| Heard of HPV, low knowledge | 41/125 (33) | 0.47 (0.25 to 0.89)* | 0.27 (0.11 to 0.64)** |
| Heard of HPV, high knowledge | 29/57 (51) | ref. | ref. |
| Heard of HPV vaccine prior to survey | |||
| No | 39/110 (35) | ref. | – |
| Yes | 70/186 (38) | 1.10 (0.67 to 1.79) | – |
| Family member or friend has gotten HPV vaccine | |||
| No | 99/268 (37) | ref. | – |
| Yes | 10/28 (36) | 0.95 (0.42 to 2.14) | – |
| Think doctor would recommend HPV vaccine | |||
| No | 19/110 (17) | ref. | ref. |
| Don't know | 58/139 (42) | 3.43 (1.89 to 6.24)** | 2.67 (1.30 to 5.47)** |
| Yes | 32/47 (68) | 10.22 (4.65 to 22.46)** | 9.02 (3.45 to 23.60)** |
| Health and health behaviours | |||
| Smoking status | |||
| Non-smoker | 71/221 (32) | ref. | ref. |
| Smoker | 38/75 (51) | 2.17 (1.27 to 3.70)** | 1.32 (0.67 to 2.60) |
| Hepatitis B vaccination history | |||
| No doses received/Don't know | 78/225 (35) | ref. | – |
| At least one dose received | 31/71 (44) | 1.46 (0.85 to 2.52) | – |
| Age at first sexual intercourse (y) | |||
| <16 | 29/71 (41) | 1.25 (0.73 to 2.16) | – |
| ≥16 | 80/225 (36) | ref. | – |
| Number of lifetime sexual partners | |||
| <5 | 35/123 (29) | ref. | ref. |
| ≥5 | 74/173 (43) | 1.88 (1.15 to 3.08)* | 1.45 (0.76 to 2.74) |
| Prior STI diagnosis (other than HIV) | |||
| No | 93/263 (35) | ref. | – |
| Yes | 16/33 (48) | 1.72 (0.83 to 3.56) | – |
The multivariate model included variables from tables 1 and 2 bivariately associated (p<0.05) with willingness to get HPV vaccine. The multivariate model did not include variables with dashes (–). History of HIV infection and prior diagnosis of cancer or lesions were not examined due to only one participant reporting a history of each.
↵* p<0.05;
↵** p<0.01.
↵† Approved age range for HPV vaccine for females in the United States.
HPV, human papillomavirus; ref., referent group; STI, sexually transmitted infection.