Selected population characteristics and exposure to Population Services International (PSI)/Avahan intervention among men in project sites aged 18+ who have had commercial sex in the last 12 months, by survey round (unadjusted proportions and means)
| Baseline Apr 2006 | Round 2 Dec 2006 | Round 3 May 2007 | Round 4 Feb 2008 | Endline Nov 2008 | Sig* | |
| Response rate† | ||||||
| Number of men approached | 12490 | 12272 | 17628 | 20761 | 20850 | |
| Number consenting to interview | 9786 | 2949 | 6374 | 6985 | 6437 | |
| Number eligible | 2401 | 1856 | 1799 | 1849 | 2627 | |
| Number completed full questionnaire (n) | 2401 | 1756 | 1741 | 1779 | 2382 | |
| Response rate (%) | 24.5 | 59.5 | 27.3 | 25.4 | 37.0 | |
| Mean age (years) | 29.6 | 29.3 | 29.2 | 29.7 | 30.7 | p<0.001 |
| Duration of residence in city of interview | % | % | % | % | % | |
| Since birth | 66.8 | 57.3 | 56.8 | 53.1 | 53.1 | p<0.001 |
| 2 years+ but not since birth | 19.8 | 23.9 | 29.9 | 30.5 | 25.9 | |
| Less than 2 years/doesn't live in city | 13.4 | 18.8 | 13.4 | 16.4 | 21.1 | |
| Mobility | ||||||
| Mean no of days spent in city of interview in last month | 27.2 | 26.4 | 27.6 | 26.7 | 26.1 | p<0.001 |
| Marital status | % | % | % | % | % | |
| Unmarried | 34.6 | 41.4 | 38.3 | 38.1 | 33.0 | p<0.001 |
| Married, not living with wife | 13.2 | 8.5 | 10.8 | 13.2 | 14.6 | |
| Married and living with wife | 52.2 | 50.1 | 51.0 | 48.7 | 52.4 | |
| Sexual partners in the past 12 months (in addition to FSW)‡ | % | % | % | % | % | |
| Wife | - | - | - | 61.5 | 66.3 | NA |
| Girlfriend | 19.9 | 30.8 | 29.3 | 26.8 | 25.9 | |
| Fiancé | 3.8 | 22.8 | 9.9 | 6.2 | 4.5 | |
| Other§ | 2.0 | 5.5 | 2.4 | 3.3 | 2.0 | |
| Mean number of visits to FSW in the last 30 days | - | - | - | 6.4 | 5.2 | NA |
| Living arrangement | % | % | % | % | % | |
| Living alone/with friends | 17.4 | 19.2 | 18.0 | 26.2 | 21.5 | p<0.001 |
| Living with family | 82.6 | 80.8 | 82.0 | 73.8 | 78.5 | |
| Highest level of education attained | % | % | % | % | % | |
| None | 8.8 | 9.0 | 5.0 | 8.8 | 8.7 | p<0.001 |
| Up to 9 years (primary) | 43.2 | 33.4 | 42.5 | 46.0 | 36.5 | |
| Secondary school or higher | 47.9 | 57.6 | 52.4 | 45.3 | 54.8 | |
| Occupation | % | % | % | % | % | |
| Unskilled worker | 16.8 | 24.3 | 24.8 | 24.9 | 23.7 | p<0.001 |
| Skilled worker | 41.9 | 31.8 | 37.0 | 39.0 | 33.4 | |
| Petty trader | 27.8 | 23.3 | 23.1 | 24.2 | 24.3 | |
| Other | 13.4 | 20.5 | 15.2 | 11.9 | 18.7 | |
| Alcohol consumption | % | % | % | % | % | |
| Once a week or more | 48.8 | 34.5 | 52.8 | 47.5 | 45.9 | p<0.001 |
| At least once a month | 24.6 | 28.6 | 23.6 | 25.6 | 22.5 | |
| Less often/never | 26.7 | 37.0 | 23.6 | 27.0 | 31.6 | |
| Place where usually meet FSW | % | % | % | % | % | |
| Brothel | 38.7 | 37.3 | 39.8 | 42.7 | 43.0 | p<0.001 |
| Hotel/lodge | 13.5 | 13.1 | 13.9 | 12.0 | 11.8 | |
| At their home | 22.8 | 18.3 | 13.3 | 18.2 | 22.5 | |
| Bus stand/railway station | 25.0 | 31.3 | 33.0 | 27.1 | 22.7 | |
| Exposure to project in last 3 months by type of communication channels | % | % | % | % | % | |
| Mid-media | - | 61.0 | 70.9 | 70.0 | 58.0 | NA |
| IPC | - | 38.0 | 46.4 | 74.0 | 57.0 | |
| Static outdoor¶ | - | 71.0 | 69.3 | 63.0 | 92.0 | |
| Level of exposure to project in last 3 months (recall of communication channels) | % | % | % | % | % | |
| Does not recall intervention or recalls only outdoor static media | - | 31.2 | 29.1 | 19.1 | 30.0 | NA** |
| Recalls IPC or mid-media in addition to outdoor static | - | 34.6 | 24.6 | 16.7 | 24.6 | |
| Recalls IPC and mid-media in addition to outdoor static | - | 34.3 | 46.3 | 64.2 | 45.1 | |
↵FSW, female sex worker; IPC, interpersonal communication.
↵* For continuous variables ‘age’ and ‘mobility’, the significance of the F-statistic is shown; for all other variables, the significance of the χ2 is shown.
↵† Response rate is calculated as the number of men who completed the full questionnaire divided by the number of consenting men multiplied by 100.
↵‡ The first three rounds did not ask about ‘wife’ as a sexual partner.
↵§ Includes transgender partners and men.
↵¶ Exposure to outdoor media in the final round was measured for the last 6 months.
** Exposure categories are not compared over time because the precise mix of programme components differed slightly between rounds.