Multivariable individual and multilevel predictors of HIV-positive status among IDU in Tallinn, 2007
| Variable | Individual-level effects adjusted OR (95% CI)* | Individual and habitat-level effects adjusted OR (95% CI)† |
| Individual-level | ||
| Earlier age of IDU initiation (1=less than 18 years; 0=18 years or older) | 1.94 (1.19 to 3.16) | 1.86 (1.01 to 3.44) |
| Opioid (fentanyl) as main injection drug‡ | 4.01 (2.31 to 6.96) | 4.43 (2.74 to 7.18) |
| Receptive sharing in past 6 months‡ | 2.30 (1.36 to 3.88) | 2.51 (1.86 to 3.37) |
| Main income source of other than work‡ | 2.11 (1.30 to 3.43) | 2.04 (1.32 to 3.14) |
| Ever attended syringe exchange programme‡ | 2.75 (1.43 to 5.30) | 2.58 (1.83 to 3.61) |
| Habitat-level | ||
| Employment (unemployment rate, 10% unit) | NA | 5.95 (2.47 to 14.31) |
| Residential change (10% different from 1989) | NA | 1.89 (1.09 to 3.26) |
| Tests of model fit | ||
| −2 Log likelihood | 388.33 | 343.29 |
| AIC | 400.33 | 361.29 |
| Sample size adjusted BIC | 404.29 | 366.44 |
↵* Adjusted for individual-level effects only, by multiple logistic regression.
↵† Adjusted for both individual and neighborhood-level effects by multilevel modelling techniques.
↵‡ Unit of measurement: yes=1; no=0.
AIC, Akaike's information criterion; BIC, Bayesian information criterion; IDU, injection drug user.