History of warts and risk of anogenital human papillomavirus (HPV) acquisition in men*
| Adjusted HR and 95% CI†‡ | ||||||
| Site of wart§ | Site of incident | Any HPV¶ | Oncogenic¶ | Non-oncogenic¶ | HPV 6 or 11 | Untyped HPV¶ |
| HPV infection | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | |
| Genitals | ||||||
| Penis glans/corona | ||||||
| Ever | 1.67 (1.21 to 2.30)** | 2.02 (1.21 to 3.39) | 1.49 (0.99 to 2.25) | 12.86 (4.54 to 36.46)** | 0.81 (0.28 to 2.28) | |
| Current | 1.41 (0.90 to 2.22) | 1.89 (0.95 to 3.74) | 1.18 (0.64 to 2.15) | 10.18 (3.09 to 33.51)** | 0.98 (0.23 to 4.15) | |
| Penis shaft | ||||||
| Ever | 1.68 (1.29 to 2.20)** | 1.78 (1.17 to 2.72)** | 1.64 (1.16 to 2.32)** | 8.33 (2.44 to 28.40)** | 1.02 (0.42 to 2.52) | |
| Current | 1.03 (0.68 to 1.56) | 1.20 (0.63 to 2.27) | 0.94 (0.54 to 1.63) | 4.72 (1.18 to 18.92) | – | |
| Scrotum | ||||||
| Ever | 1.74 (1.31 to 2.31)** | 2.24 (1.39 to 3.59)** | 1.52 (1.06 to 2.16)** | 6.09 (2.22 to 16.71)** | 0.94 (0.43 to 2.04) | |
| Current | 1.36 (0.90 to 2.04) | 2.29 (1.23 to 4.24) | 0.95 (0.53 to 1.67) | 4.62 (1.40 to 15.27)** | 0.55 (0.13 to 2.22) | |
| Fingers | ||||||
| Penis glans/corona | ||||||
| Ever | 1.49 (1.16 to 1.91)** | 1.67 (1.09 to 2.55) | 1.42 (1.04 to 1.92) | 2.63 (0.88 to 7.85) | 1.03 (0.56 to 1.88) | |
| Current | 1.86 (1.32 to 2.61)** | 1.71 (0.93 to 3.15) | 1.92 (1.28 to 2.89)** | 2.48 (0.69 to 8.83) | 2.06 (0.91 to 4.68) | |
| Penis shaft | ||||||
| Ever | 1.31 (1.06 to 1.61) | 1.54 (1.08 to 2.20) | 1.18 (0.91 to 1.55) | 2.48 (0.85 to 7.23) | 0.82 (0.46 to 1.45) | |
| Current | 1.43 (1.04 to 1.96) | 1.38 (0.81 to 2.35) | 1.46 (0.98 to 2.18) | 1.67 (0.36 to 7.65) | 2.42 (1.22 to 4.83) | |
| Scrotum | ||||||
| Ever | 1.28 (1.01 to 1.61) | 1.65 (1.09 to 2.48) | 1.14 (0.86 to 1.51) | 2.63 (0.94 to 7.45) | 0.95 (0.57 to 1.59) | |
| Current | 1.45 (1.02 to 2.05) | 1.93 (1.11 to 3.37) | 1.22 (0.78 to 1.91) | 1.27 (0.28 to 5.78) | 1.27 (0.56 to 2.87) | |
| Arms | ||||||
| Penis glans/corona | ||||||
| Ever | 1.67 (1.23 to 2.27)** | 1.81 (1.06 to 3.08) | 1.60 (1.10 to 2.33) | 3.74 (1.26 to 11.12) | 1.39 (0.62 to 3.08) | |
| Current | 2.96 (1.65 to 5.28)** | 2.64 (0.89 to 7.83) | 3.15 (1.59 to 6.26)** | 4.07 (0.55 to 30.18) | 2.01 (0.41 to 9.73) | |
| Penis shaft | ||||||
| Ever | 1.38 (1.04 to 1.83) | 1.58 (0.99 to 2.53) | 1.27 (0.89 to 1.81) | 1.61 (0.39 to 6.66) | 1.21 (0.62 to 2.38) | |
| Current | 3.01 (1.80 to 5.02)** | 2.83 (1.10 to 7.27) | 3.18 (1.72 to 5.88)** | 4.25 (0.57 to 31.50) | 3.25 (0.83 to 12.69) | |
| Scrotum | ||||||
| Ever | 1.51 (1.13 to 2.02)** | 1.44 (0.84 to 2.48) | 1.55 (1.10 to 2.18) | 1.54 (0.40 to 5.96) | 1.06 (0.54 to 2.06) | |
| Current | 2.21 (1.20 to 4.08)** | 1.97 (0.59 to 6.52) | 2.34 (1.15 to 4.74)** | 3.44 (0.25 to 47.79) | 1.60 (0.36 to 7.13) | |
| Trunk (including back, chest, abdomen) | ||||||
| Penis glans/corona | ||||||
| Ever | 0.92 (0.41 to 2.09) | 0.43 (0.06 to 3.25) | 1.21 (0.50 to 2.95) | – | 5.41 (1.54 to 18.98) | |
| Current | 0.73 (0.23 to 2.32) | – | 1.14 (0.36 to 3.68) | – | 8.76 (0.93 to 82.53) | |
| Penis shaft | ||||||
| Ever | 1.41 (0.81 to 1.84) | 0.87 (0.28 to 2.70) | 1.75 (0.93 to 3.32) | – | 5.74 (1.73 to 19.10) | |
| Current | 0.60 (0.19 to 1.89) | – | 0.96 (0.31 to 3.03) | – | – | |
| Scrotum | ||||||
| Ever | 1.06 (0.52 to 2.15) | 0.78 (0.19 to 3.20) | 1.21 (0.54 to 2.73) | – | 1.48 (0.35 to 6.27) | |
| Current | 0.52 (0.13 to 2.09) | – | 0.77 (0.19 to 3.12) | – | – | |
↵* Excludes HIV positive individuals.
↵† Adjusted for age, income, lifetime number of female sexual partners, frequency of sexual intercourse, men who have sex with men history and history of warts in a current/past sexual partner.
↵‡ Statistically significant HRs are in bold.
↵§ HRs for warts of the anus, head/face/neck, legs and feet were not significant and are not included.
↵¶ Any HPV include any of the 37 HPV genotypes detected in the assay, including oncogenic HPV (16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 68), non-oncogenic HPV (6, 11, 26, 40, 42, 53–55, 61, 62, 64, 66, 67, 69–73, 81–84, IS39 (subtype HPV-82) and CP6109 (HPV-89)) and untyped HPV (HPV DNA positive specimens that were not positive for any of the 37 genotypes detected by our assay).
↵** HR remained significant after Bonferroni correction.