Prevalence and predictors of Herpes Simplex Virus-2 (HSV-2) and syphilis, N=2347 ages 18+ years
| Characteristic | Male (n=1134) | Female (n=1213) | ||||||
| HSV-2 | Syphilis* | HSV-2 | Syphilis | |||||
| Percentage positive (N) | OR† (95% CI) | Percentage positive (N) | OR† (95% CI) | Percentage positive (N) | OR† (95% CI) | Percentage positive (N) | OR† (95% CI) | |
| Basic prevalence | 8.9 (1134) | 2.0 (1133) | 11.3 (1213) | 1.3 (1213) | ||||
| Area residence | ||||||||
| Urban | 6.1 (359) | 1.0 | 1.1 (359) | 1.0 | 11.3 (398) | 1.0 | 0.8 (398) | 1.0 |
| Rural | 10.2 (775) | 1.5 (0.9 to 2.5) | 2.5 (774) | 2.0 (0.7 to 6.2) | 11.3 (815) | 0.8 (0.6 to 1.2) | 1.6 (815) | 1.9 (0.5 to 6.8) |
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Never married | 4.4 (341) | 1.0 | 0.6 (341) | 1.0 | 2.5 (163) | 1.0 | 1.8 (163) | 1.0 |
| Ever married | 10.8 (793) | 1.1 (0.5 to 2.2) | 2.7 (792) | 3.8 (0.8 to 19.0) | 12.7 (133) | 3.2 (1.1 to 9.2) | 1.2 (1050) | 0.3 (0.1 to 1.3) |
| Religion | ||||||||
| Hindu | 7.5 (935) | 1.0 | 1.8 (934) | 1.0 | 10.2 (995) | 1.0 | 1.5 (995) | 1.0 |
| Muslim | 6.3 (16) | 1.1 (0.13 to 8.84) | 0.0 (16) | NA NA | 11.8 (17) | 1.3 (0.3 to 6.1) | 0.0 (17) | NA NA |
| Christian | 33.3 (48) | 4.3 (2.1 to 8.8) | 4.2 (48) | 2.4 (0.6 to 11.2) | 28.0 (50) | 2.4 (1.2 to 4.8) | 0.0 (50) | NA NA |
| Sikh | 10.1 (129) | 2.3 (1.1 to 5.1) | 3.1 (129) | 3.2 (0.7 to 14.6) | 13.5 (141) | 2.3 (1.1 to 4.5) | 0.7 (141) | 0.6 (0.1 to 5.9) |
| Education | ||||||||
| Graduate | 6.7 (721) | 1.0 | 1.4 (721) | 1.0 | 5.7 (494) | 1.0 | 0.6 (494) | 1.0 |
| Primary | 11.5 (269) | 1.0 (0.6 to 1.6) | 4.1 (269) | 2.4 (1.0 to 6.2) | 10.7 (243) | 1.5 (0.9 to 2.8) | 0.8 (243) | 1.2 (0.2 to 7.7) |
| Illiterate | 15.3 (137) | 0.7 (0.3 to 1.3) | 1.5 (136) | 0.7 (0.1 to 4.0) | 17.5 (468) | 1.5 (0.9 to 2.7) | 2.4 (468) | 2.8 (0.6 to 14.0) |
| Alcohol consumption | ||||||||
| No | 8.2 (728) | 1.0 | 1.8 (727) | 1.0 | 9.8 (1044) | 1.0 | 1.3 (1044) | 1.0 |
| ≤2 days per week | 5.2 (211) | 0.6 (0.3 to 1.1) | 2.8 (211) | 1.9 (0.7 to 5.1) | 24.7 (81) | 1.3 (0.7 to 2.4) | 1.2 (81) | 0.4 (0.1 to 3.6) |
| ≥3 days per week | 15.4 (156) | 1.2 (0.7 to 1.2) | 2.6 (156) | 1.5 (0.5 to 5.0) | 16.2 (37) | 0.6 (0.2 to 1.6) | 0.0 (37) | NA NA |
| Smoking bidis | ||||||||
| No | 7.9 (719) | 1.0 | 1.5 (718) | 1.0 | 11.0 (1146) | 1.0 | 1.2 (1146) | 1.0 |
| 1–7 per day | 9.2 (76) | 0.9 (0.4 to 2.2) | 4.0 (76) | 2.5 (0.7 to 9.6) | 0.0 (1) | NA NA | 0.0 (1) | NA NA |
| 8+ per day | 13.8 (152) | 1.0 (0.5 to 1.7) | 1.3 (152) | 0.7 (0.1 to 3.3) | 0.0 (1) | NA NA | 0.0 (1) | NA NA |
| Smoking cigarettes | ||||||||
| No | 7.9 (719) | 1.0 | 1.5 (718) | 1.0 | 11.0 (1146) | NA NA | 1.2 (1146) | NA NA |
| 1–7 per day | 9.8 (112) | 1.4 (0.7 to 2.8) | 4.5 (112) | 3.1 (1.1 to 9.3) | 0.0 (0) | NA NA | 0.0 (0) | NA NA |
| 8+ per day | 6.1 (33) | 0.5 (0.1 to 2.2) | 6.1 (33) | 3.6 (0.7 to 17.2) | 0.0 (0) | NA NA | 0.0 (0) | NA NA |
| Chewing tobacco | ||||||||
| No | 8.9 (971) | 1.0 | 1.9 (970) | 1.0 | 11.2 (1063) | 1.0 | 1.1 (1063) | 1.0 |
| Yes | 8.9 (158) | 1.4 (0.7 to 2.5) | 3.2 (158) | 1.5 (0.5 to 4.3) | 12.5 (144) | 0.6 (0.3 to 1.0) | 2.1 (144) | 1.1 (0.3 to 4.5) |
| Married men spent time away from home | ||||||||
| No | 10.7 (737) | 1.0 | 2.7 (737) | NA NA | NA NA | NA NA | NA NA | NA NA |
| Yes | 10.2 (49) | 1.3 (0.5 to 3.6) | 0.0 (48) | NA NA | NA NA | NA NA | NA NA | NA NA |
| Did husband spend time away from home? | ||||||||
| No | NA NA | NA NA | NA NA | NA NA | 12.2 (861) | 1.0 | 1.3 (861) | NA NA |
| Yes | NA NA | NA NA | NA NA | NA NA | 4.9 (61) | 0.6 (0.2 to 2.0) | 0.0 (61) | NA NA |
| Syphilis status | ||||||||
| Negative | 8.4 (1110) | 1.0 | NA NA | NA NA | 10.9 (1197) | 1.0 | NA NA | NA NA |
| Positive | 34.8 (23) | 5.9 (2.2 to 15.6) | NA NA | NA NA | 37.5 (16) | 3.6 (1.2 to 11.0) | NA NA | NA NA |
| HSV-2 status | ||||||||
| Negative | NA NA | NA NA | 1.5 (1032) | 1.0 | NA NA | NA NA | 0.9 (1076) | 1.0 |
| Positive | NA NA | NA NA | 7.9 (101) | 6.0 (2.3 to 15.5) | NA NA | NA NA | 4.4 (137) | 3.7 (1.3 to 11.1) |