Factors associated with the occurrence of positive results among 1434 subjects ever tested
| OR (95% CI) for being positive | ||
| Univariate | Multivariate | |
| Calendar time | ||
| Linear spline | ||
| Per year, 1999–2003 | 1.07 (0.89 to 1.28) | 1.02 (0.84 to 1.23) |
| Per year, 2003–7 | 0.67 (0.55 to 0.81) | 0.63 (0.52 to 0.77) |
| Gender | ||
| Male | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| Female | 0.26 (0.16 to 0.42) | 0.14 (0.08 to 0.23) |
| Age, years | ||
| 18–29 | 6.01 (3.23 to 11.19) | 4.84 (2.42 to 9.68) |
| 30–39 | 2.53 (1.46 to 4.39) | 2.52 (1.38 to 4.60) |
| 40–49 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| ≥50 | † | † |
| Race/ethnicity | ||
| African-American | 1.23 (0.57 to 2.64) | |
| White/other | 1.00 (Ref) | |
| HIV risk | ||
| MSM or HET reported | 1.97 (1.07 to 3.64) | 1.40 (0.74 to 2.65) |
| No MSM or HET reported | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| Visits within the calendar year* | ||
| <3 | 1.00 (Ref) | |
| 3–6 | 0.79 (0.45 to 1.39) | |
| ≥7 | 0.67 (0.34 to 1.29) | |
| Mean annual CD4 cell count (cells/mm3) | ||
| ≤200 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| 201–350 | 1.23 (0.61 to 2.50) | 1.64 (0.77 to 3.47) |
| >350 | 1.88 (1.05 to 3.36) | 2.75 (1.44 to 5.25) |
| Mean annual HIV-1 RNA (copies/ml) | ||
| ≤400 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| 401–9999 | 1.14 (0.60 to 2.17) | 1.14 (0.59 to 2.19) |
| ≥10 000 or missing | 1.53 (0.96 to 2.44) | 1.55 (0.87 to 2.76) |
| Syphilis testing within the calendar year | ||
| Tested | 0.90 (0.59 to 1.38) | |
| Not tested | 1.00 (Ref) | |
* Visits included only those to an HIV and/or gynaecological provider.
† As only two patients 50 years of age or older had positive gonorrhoea/chlamydia tests, this category was combined with the 40–49-year-old category.
HET, heterosexual sex; MSM, men who have sex with men.