OR (95% CI) for being tested | ||
Univariate | Multivariate | |
Calendar time† | ||
Linear parameter | ||
Per year, 1999–2007 | 1.17 (1.15 to 1.19) | |
Linear spline | ||
Per year, 1999–2001 | 1.13 (1.04 to 1.24) | |
Per year, 2001–7 | 1.28 (1.25 to 1.31) | |
Gender | ||
Male | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
Female | 4.12 (3.68 to 4.61) | 3.61 (3.23 to 4.04) |
Age, years | ||
18–29 | 3.12 (2.52 to 3.87) | 4.71 (3.75 to 5.92) |
30–39 | 1.61 (1.37 to 1.90) | 2.39 (2.00 to 2.87) |
40–49 | 1.36 (1.16 to 1.59) | 1.66 (1.40 to 1.96) |
≥50 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
Race/ethnicity | ||
African-American | 1.73 (1.47 to 2.02) | 1.54 (1.32 to 1.80) |
White/other | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
HIV risk | ||
MSM or HET reported | 1.33 (1.16 to 1.52) | 1.11 (0.97 to 1.27) |
No MSM or HET reported | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
Visits within the calendar year* | ||
<3 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
3–6 | 1.63 (1.45 to 1.85) | 1.69 (1.49 to 1.93) |
≥7 | 2.04 (1.78 to 2.35) | 2.38 (2.05 to 2.76) |
Mean annual CD4 cell count (cells/mm3) | ||
≤200 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
201–350 | 1.12 (0.98 to 1.29) | 1.09 (0.94 to 1.25) |
>350 | 1.32 (1.17 to 1.50) | 1.25 (1.10 to 1.42) |
Mean annual HIV-1 RNA (copies/ml) | ||
≤400 | 1.00 (Ref) | |
401–9999 | 1.06 (0.91 to 1.15) | |
≥10 000 or missing | 0.94 (0.85 to 1.04) | |
Syphilis testing within the calendar year | ||
Tested | 1.67 (1.52 to 1.83) | 1.80 (1.62 to 1.99) |
Not tested | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
* Visits included only those to an HIV and/or gynaecological provider.
† Time modelled linearly in univariate analysis and as a linear spline in multivariate analysis.
HET, heterosexual sex; MSM, men who have sex with men.