Access by site
| Bushbuckridge (rural) | Hlabisa (rural) | Soweto (urban) | Mitchells Plain (urban) | |||||
| Mean/percent | AOR/Coef | Mean/percent | AOR/Coef (95% CI) | Mean/percent | AOR/Coef (95% CI) | Mean/percent | AOR/Coef (95% CI) | |
| Availability | ||||||||
| Mean travel time to clinic (minutes) | 74.94 | ‡ | 66.40 | −9.01* (−15.34 to −2.65) | 33.23 | −39.21* (−46.14 to −32.28) | 23.48 | −49.43* (−56.09 to −42.76) |
| Transport by foot (%) | 5.45 | ‡ | 32.44 | 9.09* (5.05 to 16.36) | 19.64 | 7.68* (4.03 to 14.62) | 32.09 | 11.29* (6.10 to 20.89) |
| Mean time at clinic for doctor/nurse visit (minutes) | 213.52 | ‡ | 231.70 | 15.70 (−4.84 to 36.24) | 217.12 | 10.14 (−11.95 to 32.23) | 243.88 | 42.05* (20.94 to 63.17) |
| Mean time at clinic to collect ARV medication (minutes) | 241.38 | ‡ | 169.37 | −72.64* (−91.04 to −54.25) | 100.59 | −136.98* (−157.04 to −116.92) | 163.04 | −74.47* (−93.68 to −55.26) |
| Affordability | ||||||||
| Respondent receives a disability (chronic care) grant (%) | 45.51 | ‡ | 47.67 | 0.96 (0.67 to 1.35) | 23.56 | 0.36* (0.24 to 0.55) | 30.96 | 0.72† (0.49 to 1.04) |
| Expenditure on other providers in past month (ZAR) | 21.81 | ‡ | 24.50 | 0.22 (−0.05 to 0.49) | 21.75 | −0.13 (−0.42 to 0.16) | 23.09 | −0.01 (−0.29 to−0.28) |
| Expenditure on self-care in past month (ZAR) | 30.18 | ‡ | 87.96 | 1.50* (1.23 to 1.78) | 1.86 | −0.86* (−1.16 to −0.56) | 12.91 | −0.39* (−0.68 to −0.10) |
| Expenditure to reach and during ART facility visits in part month (ZAR) | 43.76 | ‡ | 44.68 | −0.40* (−0.61 to −0.19) | 10.76 | −1.69* (−1.92 to −1.46) | 8.58 | −1.95* (−2.17 to −1.73) |
| Total expenditure on healthcare in past month (ZAR) | 95.75 | ‡ | 156.43 | 0.31* (0.04 to 0.58) | 34.37 | −1.77* (−2.06 to −1.48) | 44.92 | −1.68* (−1.95 to −1.40) |
| Households incurring healthcare costs >10% of household expenditure (%) | 25.60 | ‡ | 50.18 | 2.94* (2.03 to 4.26) | 8.18 | 0.28* (0.16 to 0.50) | 8.20 | 0.27* (0.16 to 0.45) |
| Respondent borrowed money to pay for healthcare in the past month (%) | 27.24 | ‡ | 36.33 | 1.48* (1.03 to 2.13) | 1.81 | 0.06* (0.03 to 0.16) | 11.18 | 0.34* (0.21 to 0.55) |
| Acceptability | ||||||||
| Respondent agrees that queues are too long (%) | 81.41 | ‡ | 49.33 | 0.20* (0.14 to 0.30) | 65.26 | 0.47* (0.31 to 0.71) | 67.60 | 0.54* (0.36 to 0.82) |
| Respondent agrees that some staff do not treat patients with sufficient respect (%) | 28.53 | ‡ | 38.46 | 1.61* (1.12 to 2.30) | 14.50 | 0.43* (0.27 to −0.67) | 16.61 | 0.53* (0.35 to 0.82) |
| Respondent agrees that the healthcare facility is dirty (%) | 22.44 | ‡ | 16.39 | 0.62* (0.40 to 0.95) | 11.48 | 0.52* (0.32 to 0.85) | 25.86 | 1.54* (1.01 to 2.34) |
| Respondent feels that people in the community judge him/her negatively for attending the ART facility (%) | 19.55 | ‡ | 15.00 | 0.68* (0.44 to 1.07) | 22.42 | 1.46 (0.92 to 2.31) | 6.21 | 0.33* (0.19 to 0.59) |
AOR/coef, OR (logistic regression) or coefficient (linear regression) on site indicator, after controlling for asset index, education, sex, employment, duration on treatment and baseline CD4 count.
↵* Significant at 5% level.
↵† Significant at 10% level.
↵‡ Base case/referent.
ART, antiretroviral treatment; ZAR, South African Rands.