Country characteristics, surveillance practice and recommendations for chlamydia case management, testing and screening
| Australia | Denmark | the Netherlands | New Zealand* | Sweden | Switzerland | |
| Population, millions 2008† | 21 498 540 | 5 475 791 | 16 405 399 | 4 268 900 (2 095 400) | 9 256 347 | 7 701 856 |
| % Female, 2008† | 50.3% | 50.6% | 50.6% | 51.0% (51.0%) | 50.3% | 50.8% |
| % Of population female aged 15–39 years, 2008† | 35.0% | 30.5% | 31.5% | 34.4% (35.9%) | 31.5% | 31.9% |
| Total fertility rate, 2008‡ | 1.79 | 1.80 | 1.72 | 1.99 | 1.80 | 1.42 |
| Births to 15–19-yr-olds, per 1000, 2005–2010‡ | 14 | 6 | 5 | 23 | 5 | 4 |
| GNI per capita, 2006 PPP$‡ | 33 940 | 36 190 | 37 940 | 25 750 | 34 310 | 40 840 |
| Chlamydia notifiable, 2007§ | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | Yes |
| Surveillance, 2007§ | Compulsory reporting of individual cases by laboratory and/or diagnosing clinician depending on state and territory | Compulsory reporting of individual cases by all laboratories. Aggregated test numbers | Compulsory reporting of aggregate case numbers from all STI clinics; individual cases reported by sentinel GP system | Voluntary reporting by some laboratories and STI, family planning, youth and student clinics. Test numbers | Compulsory reporting of individual cases by physicians in all settings and voluntary reporting by all laboratories. Aggregated test numbers | Compulsory reporting of individual cases by all laboratories |
| Any chlamydia case management guideline, 2007§ | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Level of recommendation and audience§ | Professional primary care organisation to GPs and sexual health physicians | Ministry of Health to GPs | Ministry of Health to all practitioners, primary care, municipal health services; Separate professional organisations to STI specialists, gynaecology | Separate professional organisations to STI specialists, gynaecology | Separate professional organisations to all practitioners, STI specialists, gynaecology; Voluntary use by youth clinics | No recommendations |
| Chlamydia testing recommendations for asymptomatics outside specialist STI clinics, before 2008§ | Opportunistic testing for sexually active women <25 yrs in primary care | Opportunistic testing in primary care for partners of case, with other STI, if sexual risk factors, women <26 yrs before IUD, TOP | Opportunistic testing in primary care for 16–29 yrs, some ethnic groups, MSM; in any setting if sexual risk factors | Opportunistic testing for <25 yrs, before IUD, TOP, pregnant women with other risk factors | Opportunistic testing recommended for different groups and settings, depending on county | No recommendations |
| Screening programme | Pilot opportunistic chlamydia screening programme in four states, evaluation by RCT 2010–201420 | No | Pilot systematic chlamydia screening programme in three regions, evaluation by RCT 2008–201021 | No | No | No |
↵* Main figures are those for New Zealand as a whole. Figures in brackets are for the six regions included in the data set.
↵† Population data from national public websites.
↵‡ Data source, United Nations Population Fund.22
↵§ Information for Denmark, the Netherlands, Sweden and Switzerland from the Screening for Chlamydia in Europe project; 16for Australia and New Zealand from authors.
GNI PPP$, gross national income purchasing power parity in US$ (total output of goods and services for final use produced by residents and non-residents); GP, general practitioners; IUD, intrauterine device; MSM, men who have sex with men; RCT, randomised controlled trial; STI, sexually transmitted infection; TOP, termination of pregnancy.