Table 1

Country characteristics, surveillance practice and recommendations for chlamydia case management, testing and screening

 Australia Denmark the Netherlands New Zealand* Sweden Switzerland Population, millions 2008† 21 498 540 5 475 791 16 405 399 4 268 900 (2 095 400) 9 256 347 7 701 856 % Female, 2008† 50.3% 50.6% 50.6% 51.0% (51.0%) 50.3% 50.8% % Of population female aged 15–39 years, 2008† 35.0% 30.5% 31.5% 34.4% (35.9%) 31.5% 31.9% Total fertility rate, 2008‡ 1.79 1.80 1.72 1.99 1.80 1.42 Births to 15–19-yr-olds, per 1000, 2005–2010‡ 14 6 5 23 5 4 GNI per capita, 2006 PPP$‡ 33 940 36 190 37 940 25 750 34 310 40 840 Chlamydia notifiable, 2007§ Yes No No No Yes Yes Surveillance, 2007§ Compulsory reporting of individual cases by laboratory and/or diagnosing clinician depending on state and territory Compulsory reporting of individual cases by all laboratories. Aggregated test numbers Compulsory reporting of aggregate case numbers from all STI clinics; individual cases reported by sentinel GP system Voluntary reporting by some laboratories and STI, family planning, youth and student clinics. Test numbers Compulsory reporting of individual cases by physicians in all settings and voluntary reporting by all laboratories. Aggregated test numbers Compulsory reporting of individual cases by all laboratories Any chlamydia case management guideline, 2007§ Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Level of recommendation and audience§ Professional primary care organisation to GPs and sexual health physicians Ministry of Health to GPs Ministry of Health to all practitioners, primary care, municipal health services; Separate professional organisations to STI specialists, gynaecology Separate professional organisations to STI specialists, gynaecology Separate professional organisations to all practitioners, STI specialists, gynaecology; Voluntary use by youth clinics No recommendations Chlamydia testing recommendations for asymptomatics outside specialist STI clinics, before 2008§ Opportunistic testing for sexually active women <25 yrs in primary care Opportunistic testing in primary care for partners of case, with other STI, if sexual risk factors, women <26 yrs before IUD, TOP Opportunistic testing in primary care for 16–29 yrs, some ethnic groups, MSM; in any setting if sexual risk factors Opportunistic testing for <25 yrs, before IUD, TOP, pregnant women with other risk factors Opportunistic testing recommended for different groups and settings, depending on county No recommendations Screening programme Pilot opportunistic chlamydia screening programme in four states, evaluation by RCT 2010–201420 No Pilot systematic chlamydia screening programme in three regions, evaluation by RCT 2008–201021 No No No • * Main figures are those for New Zealand as a whole. Figures in brackets are for the six regions included in the data set. • Population data from national public websites. • Data source, United Nations Population Fund.22 • § Information for Denmark, the Netherlands, Sweden and Switzerland from the Screening for Chlamydia in Europe project; 16for Australia and New Zealand from authors. • GNI PPP$, gross national income purchasing power parity in US\$ (total output of goods and services for final use produced by residents and non-residents); GP, general practitioners; IUD, intrauterine device; MSM, men who have sex with men; RCT, randomised controlled trial; STI, sexually transmitted infection; TOP, termination of pregnancy.