Risk factors associated with testing positive at repeat test, males and females tested through the National Chlamydia Screening Programme, 2010*
| Males | Females | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number (% positive) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p (adj) | Number (% positive) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p (adj) | |
| Total | 13140 (5.5%) | 37679 (6.9%) | ||||||
| Age | ||||||||
| 15 | 290 (2.4%) | Ref | Ref | p<0.001 | 1536 (6.6%) | Ref | Ref | p<0.001 |
| 16 | 1433 (1.9%) | 0.78 (0.33 to 1.80) | 0.95 (0.41 to 2.21) | 4726 (7.5%) | 1.15 (0.91 to 1.45) | 1.26 (1.00 to 1.59) | ||
| 17 | 2247 (3.7%) | 1.57 (0.72 to 3.43) | 1.91 (0.87 to 4.20) | 6439 (6.8%) | 1.04 (0.83 to 1.30) | 1.16 (0.93 to 1.46) | ||
| 18 | 2191 (5.5%) | 2.34 (1.08 to 5.07) | 2.41 (1.11 to 5.26) | 6013 (7.8%) | 1.19 (0.96 to 1.49) | 1.26 (1.01 to 1.58) | ||
| 19 | 1966 (5.9%) | 2.53 (1.17 to 5.49) | 2.48 (1.14 to 5.42) | 4870 (7.7%) | 1.18 (0.94 to 1.48) | 1.21 (0.96 to 1.52) | ||
| 20 | 1466 (7.8%) | 3.44 (1.59 to 7.46) | 3.03 (1.39 to 6.65) | 3734 (7.2%) | 1.11 (0.87 to 1.40) | 1.15 (0.90 to 1.46) | ||
| 21 | 1213 (7.8%) | 3.44 (1.58 to 7.48) | 2.98 (1.35 to 6.56) | 3205 (6.5%) | 0.99 (0.77 to 1.26) | 1.04 (0.81 to 1.34) | ||
| 22 | 991 (7.3%) | 3.17 (1.44 to 6.96) | 2.60 (1.17 to 5.79) | 2802 (5.6%) | 0.85 (0.66 to 1.10) | 0.92 (0.71 to 1.20) | ||
| 23 | 766 (6.0%) | 2.58 (1.15 to 5.79) | 2.17 (0.95 to 4.91) | 2356 (5.3%) | 0.79 (0.60 to 1.03) | 0.86 (0.66 to 1.14) | ||
| 24 | 577 (6.1%) | 2.61 (1.15 to 5.95) | 2.03 (0.88 to 4.69) | 1997 (5.0%) | 0.75 (0.56 to 1.00) | 0.85 (0.63 to 1.13) | ||
| Ethnicity | ||||||||
| White | 10746 (5.3%) | Ref | Ref | p=0.020 | 32238 (6.9%) | Ref | Ref | p=0.045 |
| Black | 945 (7.7%) | 1.49 (1.16 to 1.92) | 1.40 (1.07 to 1.81) | 2352 (7.1%) | 1.04 (0.89 to 1.23) | 1.13 (0.96 to 1.34) | ||
| Asian | 822 (2.9%) | 0.54 (0.35 to 0.81) | 0.70 (0.46 to 1.06) | 1227 (4.9%) | 0.70 (0.54 to 0.91) | 0.86 (0.66 to 1.13) | ||
| Chinese | 26 (1.7%) | 1.48 (0.35 to 6.30) | 1.43 (0.32 to 6.35) | 75 (5.3%) | 0.76 (0.28 to 2.10) | 0.90 (0.32 to 2.49) | ||
| Other | 52 (3.9%) | 0.71 (0.17 to 2.94) | 0.77 (0.18 to 3.22) | 147 (5.4%) | 0.78 (0.38 to 1.59) | 0.78 (0.38 to 1.59) | ||
| Mixed | 549 (8.2%) | 1.59 (1.16 to 2.18) | 1.39 (1.00 to 1.93) | 1640 (8.5%) | 1.27 (1.06 to 1.51) | 1.29 (1.08 to 1.54) | ||
| At least one new sexual partner in previous 3 months | ||||||||
| No | 4032 (3.6%) | Ref | Ref | 16218 (5.0%) | Ref | Ref | ||
| Yes | 9108 (6.3%) | 1.81 (1.50 to 2.18) | 1.44 (1.16 to 1.79) | p=0.001 | 21461 (8.4%) | 1.75 (1.61 to 1.91) | 1.52 (1.38 to 1.68) | p<0.001 |
| Test result at baseline | ||||||||
| Negative | 12069 (4.7%) | Ref | Ref | 32937 (6.2%) | Ref | Ref | ||
| Positive | 1071 (14.5%) | 3.46 (2.86 to 4.19) | 2.57 (2.11 to 3.14) | p<0.001 | 4742 (11.5%) | 1.95 (1.76 to 2.15) | 1.95 (1.76 to 2.16) | p<0.001 |
| More than one sexual partner in previous 12 months | ||||||||
| No | 3936 (3.2%) | Ref | Ref | 15164 (4.8%) | Ref | Ref | ||
| Yes | 9204 (6.4%) | 2.12 (1.74 to 2.58) | 1.52 (1.21 to 1.91) | p<0.001 | 22515 (8.3%) | 1.81 (1.66 to 1.98) | 1.44 (1.30 to 1.60) | p<0.001 |
| Venue type of test | ||||||||
| GP | 1107 (7.1%) | Ref | Ref | p<0.001 | 5843 (7.0%) | Ref | Ref | p<0.001 |
| Hospital | 148 (12.2%) | 1.8 (1.05 to 3.10) | 1.76 (1.01 to 3.05) | 1037 (5.8%) | 0.82 (0.62 to 1.08) | 0.87 (0.66 to 1.16) | ||
| Outreach | 3463 (2.7%) | 0.36 (0.27 to 0.49) | 0.41 (0.30 to 0.55) | 2963 (4.3%) | 0.60 (0.49 to 0.74) | 0.59 (0.48 to 0.73) | ||
| Pharmacy | 281 (8.9%) | 1.27 (0.79 to 2.03) | 1.08 (0.67 to 1.74) | 1355 (7.7%) | 1.10 (0.88 to 1.38) | 0.97 (0.77 to 1.22) | ||
| SRH | 2624 (8.9%) | 1.27 (0.97 to 1.65) | 1.24 (0.95 to 1.63) | 14022 (8.4%) | 1.22 (1.09 to 1.37) | 1.14 (1.01 to 1.29) | ||
| Remote testing | 2136 (7.0%) | 0.98 (0.74 to 1.29) | 0.88 (0.66 to 1.18) | 5714 (6.2%) | 0.88 (0.76 to 1.02) | 0.81 (0.70 to 0.95) | ||
| Military | 44 (2.3%) | 0.30 (0.04 to 2.23) | 0.29 (0.04 to 2.11) | 13 (7.7%) | 1.11 (0.14 to 8.54) | 1.15 (0.15 to 9.01) | ||
| Prison | 44 (9.1%) | 1.30 (0.45 to 3.73) | 1.56 (0.53 to 4.57) | 20 (0%) | Not included | |||
| CSO | 628 (8.7%) | 1.25 (0.87 to 1.79) | 1.20 (0.84 to 1.74) | 1595 (6.5%) | 0.93 (0.74 to 1.16) | 0.84 (0.67 to 1.05) | ||
| Abortion services | Not included | 600 (3.8%) | 0.53 (0.34 to 0.81) | 0.64 (0.41 to 0.98) | ||||
| Education | 1985 (1.4%) | 0.19 (0.12 to 0.29) | 0.27 (0.17 to 0.43) | 3062 (3.6%) | 0.50 (0.40 to 0.61) | 0.50 (0.40 to 0.62) | ||
| Youth | 676 (4.6%) | 0.63 (0.41 to 0.96) | 0.72 (0.47 to 1.12) | 1452 (8.3%) | 1.20 (0.97 to 1.48) | 1.10 (0.89 to 1.37) | ||
*Test episodes with missing data on any of the above variables were excluded from the single-and multivariable analyses. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios for testing positive calculated using logistic regression.
GP, General Practice; SRH, Sexual and Reproductive Health Services; CSO, Chlamydia Screening Offices; Outreach, includes chlamydia screening events in non-clinical test venues.