Risk factors for HSV-2 serological infection in 280 men and 305 women in Alto Rio Solimões, Amazonas state, Brazil
| Risk factor | HSV-2 positive, (N=363), n (%) | HSV-2 negative, (N=222), n (%) | OR (95% CI) | p Value | AOR (95% CI) | p Value |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 143 (39.4) | 137 (61.7) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Female | 220 (60.6) | 85 (38.3) | 2.48 (1.74 to 3.52) | <0.0001 | 2.40 (1.69 to 3.40) | <0.0001 |
| Age, years | ||||||
| <25 | 85 (23.6) | 88 (39.8) | 1 | 1 | ||
| 25–34 | 143 (39.7) | 78 (35.3) | 1.90 (1.26 to 2.86) | <0.0001 | 1.73 (1.13 to 2.64) | 0.01 |
| ≥35 | 132 (36.7) | 55 (24.9) | 2.48 (1.59 to 3.87) | 0.001 | 2.02 (1.26 to 3.23) | 0.004 |
| Belongs to indigenous ethnic group | ||||||
| Yes | 13 (3.6) | 20 (9.0) | 1 | 1 | ||
| No | 346 (96.4) | 202 (90.9) | 2.64 (1.28 to 5.44) | 0.006 | 1.84 (0.84 to 4.03) | 0.13 |
| Education | ||||||
| <Primary school | 139 (38.5) | 57 (30.2) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Primary school and beyond | 222 (61.5) | 155 (69.8) | 0.69 (0.48 to 0.99) | 0.04 | 0.94 (0.59 to 1.49) | 0.79 |
| Religion | ||||||
| Catholic | 260 (72.8) | 136 (62.1) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Other | 83 (37.9) | 83 (37.9) | 0.61 (0.42 to 0.88) | 0.007 | 0.71 (0.49 to 1.04) | 0.81 |
| Always uses condoms for sex, any partner | ||||||
| No | 230 (64.4) | 123 (55.9) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 127 (35.6) | 97 (44.1) | 0.70 (0.50 to 0.99) | 0.04 | 0.79 (0.55 to 1.56) | 0.23 |
| Presence of STI symptoms currently | ||||||
| No | 209 (57.6) | 155 (69.8) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 154 (42.4) | 67 (30.2) | 1.70 (1.19 to 2.44) | 0.003 | 1.02 (0.64 to 1.62) | 0.07 |
| Correctly identifies what ‘STI’ stands for | ||||||
| No | 223 (64.6) | 157 (70.7) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 139 (38.4) | 65 (29.3) | 1.51 (1.05 to 2.15) | 0.03 | 1.38 (0.94 to 2.03) | 0.10 |
| Serological HBV* | ||||||
| Negative | 195 (53.7) | 154 (69.4) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Positive | 168 (46.3) | 68 (30.6) | 1.95 (1.37 to 2.78) | 0.0002 | 1.55 (1.05 to 2.27) | 0.03 |
↵* Presence of antibody against hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBcAg).
AOR, adjusted OR; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HSV-2, herpes simplex virus type-2; STI, sexually transmitted infection.
Bold values indicate statistical significance (p<0.05).