Risk factors for not being linked to care
| Total (n=310) | Not linked to care (n=51) (% not linked) | Univariate analysis (OR) | Multivariate analysis (aOR) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| MSM | 279 | 44 (15.8%) | 1.0 | |
| Heterosexuals | 31 | 7 (22.5%) | 1.6 (0.6–3.8) | |
| Age | ||||
| <25 years | 56 | 13 (23.2%) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 26–40 years | 160 | 20 (12.5%) | 0.5 (0.2–1.0)* | 0.5 (0.2–1.4) |
| >40 years | 88 | 12 (13.6%) | 0.5 (0.2–1.2) | 0.5 (0.2–1.4) |
| Unknown | 6 | 6 (100%) | NA | NA |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Western | 169 | 19 (11.2%) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Non-Western | 141 | 32 (22.7%) | 2.3 (1.2–4.3)* | 1.4 (0.6–3.4) |
| Higher educational level (vs no higher education) | 166 | 19 (11.4%) | 0.6 (0.3–1.1) | |
| No health insurance (vs health insurance) | 29 | 14 (48.3%) | 7.0 (3.1–15.9)* | 6.2 (2.1–18.0)* |
| Risk factors | ||||
| Having a steady partner (vs not) | 181 | 22 (12.2%) | 0.6 (0.3–1.1) | |
| Having casual partner(s) <6 months (vs no casual partners) | 273 | 43 (15.8%) | 1.7 (0.5–5.8) | |
| Previous HIV test | ||||
| Yes | 246 | 30 (12.2%) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| No | 46 | 12 (26.1%) | 2.5 (1.2–5.4)* | 2.5 (0.9–6.8) |
| Previous STI diagnosis | 207 | 36 (17.4%) | 1.8 (0.8–3.8) | |
| Injected drugs ever | 8 | 2 (25.0%) | 1.9 (0.4–9.8) | |
| Paid sex contacts | 43 | 9 (20.9%) | 1.6 (0.7–3.6) | |
| Perception | ||||
| Disclosure HIV status (vs no disclosure) | 203 | 27 (13.3%) | 0.7 (0.4–1.5) | |
| Perceived sufficient social support | 158 | 25 (15.8%) | 0.9 (0.5–1.7) | |
| Optimistic treatment expectations | 155 | 20 (12.9%) | 0.6 (0.3–1.1) | |
| Perceived HIV-related stigma | 150 | 25 (16.7%) | 1.0 (0.6–1.9) | |
| Biological markers | ||||
| CD4+ cell count ≥500 (vs <500) | 168 | 31 (18.5%) | 1.3 (0.7–2.4) | |
| Undetectable viral load (vs detectable viral load) | 10 | 7 (70.0%) | 12.8 (3.2–51.3)* | 8.9 (1.8–44.0)* |
| Referral to HIV care | ||||
| Directly by nurse/clinician | 223 | 23 (45.1%) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Indirect referral | 61 | 18 (29.5%) | 3.6 (1.8–7.3)* | 4.1 (1.7–10.1)* |
| Otherwise | 16 | 6 (37.5%) | 5.2 (1.7–15.7)* | 10.6 (2.8–40.4)* |
*p<0.05.
aOR, adjusted OR; MSM, men who have sex with men; NA, not applicable; STI, sexually transmitted infections.