Variables | Total (n=310) | MSM (n=279) | Heterosexual males (n=22) | Heterosexual females (n=9) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | |||||
Age (years; median, range) | 34 (17–71) | 34 (17–71) | 37 (25–52) | 27 (20–56) | 0.05 |
Country of birth (the Netherlands) | 174 (56.1%) | 161 (57.7%) | 10 (45.5%) | 3 (33.3%) | 0.09 |
Ethnicity | 0.004 | ||||
West/North European | 169 (54.5%) | 158 (56.6%) | 10 (45.5%) | 1 (11.1%) | |
Dutch ethnicity | 137 (44.2%) | 129 (46.2%) | 7 (31.8%) | 1 (11.1%) | |
African | 20 (6.5%) | 15 (5.4%) | 2 (9.0%) | 3 (33.3%) | |
Surinamese/Antillean* | 37 (11.9%) | 30 (10.8%) | 3 (13.6%) | 4 (44.4%) | |
Other | 77 (24.8%) | 73 (26.2%) | 3 (13.6%) | 1 (11.1%) | |
Unknown | 7 (2.3%) | 3 (1.1%) | 4 (18.2%) | 0 | |
Higher educational level | 166 (53.5%) | 159 (57.0%) | 7 (31.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.001 |
No health insurance | 29 (9.4%) | 22 (7.9%) | 3 (13.6%) | 4 (44.4%) | 0.003 |
Risk factors | |||||
Steady partner | 181 (58.4%) | 165 (59.1%) | 10 (45.5%) | 6 (66.6%) | 0.7 |
Casual partner(s) <6 months | 273 (88.1%) | 256 (91.8%) | 14 (63.6%) | 3 (33.3%) | <0.001 |
Number of casual partners <6 months (median, range) | 7 (1–650) | 7 (1–250) | 4 (1–30) | 425 (200–650) | 0.007 |
Previous HIV test ever | 0.3 | ||||
Yes | 246 (79.4%) | 225 (80.6%) | 16 (72.7%) | 5 (55.5%) | |
No | 46 (14.8%) | 40 (14.3%) | 3 (13.6%) | 3 (33.3%) | |
Unknown | 18 (5.8%) | 14 (5.0%) | 3 (13.6%) | 1 (11.1%) | |
Previous STI diagnosis | 207 (67%) | 192 (69%) | 13 (59.1%) | 2 (22.2%) | 0.1 |
Injected drugs ever | 8 (2.6%) | 8 (2.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.4 |
Paid sex contacts | 43 (13.9%) | 35 (12.5%) | 5 (22.7%) | 3 (33.3%) | 0.02 |
Perception | |||||
Disclosed HIV status | 203 (65.5%) | 186 (66.7%) | 12 (54.5%) | 5 (55.5%) | 0.2 |
Perceived sufficient social support | 158 (51.0%) | 139 (49.8%) | 15 (68.2%) | 4 (44.4%) | 0.06 |
Optimistic treatment expectations | 155 (50.0%) | 145 (52.0%) | 5 (22.7%) | 5 (55.5%) | 0.04 |
Perceived HIV-related stigma | 150 (48.4%) | 130 (46.6%) | 11 (50.0%) | 9 (100%) | 0.2 |
Biological markers | |||||
CD4+ cell count (median, IQR) | 540 (380–720) | 540 (390–720) | 500 (310–660) | 580 (270–825) | 0.7 |
Log viral load (mean, SD) | 4.6 (SD=0.77) | 4.6 (SD=0.78) | 4.9 (SD=0.45) | 3.9 (SD=0.64) | 0.4 |
Undetectable viral load | 10 (3.2%) | 10 (3.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | NA |
*Surinam and the Netherlands Antilles are two former Dutch colonies; large migrant groups from these South American countries live in the Netherlands.
MSM, men who have sex with men; NA, not applicable.