Prevalence of HIV infection in different groups of prisoners in a biobehavioural survey, Iran, 2009
| Variables (n) | HIV-positive cases n (%)* (95% CI) | p Value† |
|---|---|---|
| Total sample with qualified blood spot (4536) | 88 (2.1) (1.2 to 3.6) | |
| Sex | ||
| Male (4337) | 84 (2.1) (1.2 to 3.6) | 0.91 |
| Female (199) | 4 (1.9) (0.6 to 5.9) | |
| Age‡ | ||
| <30 years old (2022) | 33 (1.8) (1.1 to 3.1) | 0.07 |
| ≥30 years old (2510) | 55 (2.3) (1.1 to 4.2) | |
| Months spent in prison in past 10 years‡ | ||
| <3 (689) | 8 (1.2) (0.5 to 2.6) | 0.07 |
| 3–11 (1506) | 17 (1.6) (0.6 to 3.9) | |
| 12–36 (1308) | 28 (2.1) (1.1 to 3.8) | |
| >36 (1033) | 35 (3.2) (1.7 to 5.9) | |
| Ever injected drugs‡ | ||
| Yes (726) | 54 (8.1) (4.6 to 13.8) | <0.0001 |
| No (3803) | 34 (0.9) (0.5 to 1.6) | |
| Used heroin in the past month in prison‡ | ||
| Yes (215) | 11 (5.7) (2.2 to 14.3) | 0.002 |
| No (4211) | 64 (1.6) (0.9 to 3.1) | |
| Used heroin in the past month before incarceration‡ | ||
| Yes (594) | 41 (7.8) (4.4 to 13.6) | <0.0001 |
| No (4215) | 43 (1.2) (0.7 to 1.9) | |
| Ever had a tattoo‡ | ||
| Yes (2041) | 65 (3.3) (2.1 to 5.4) | 0.0002 |
| No (2492) | 23 (1.0) (0.5 to 2.2) | |
| Ever had sex | ||
| Yes (3912) | 73 (2.0) (1.2 to 3.4) | 0.60 |
| No (621) | 15 (2.5) (0.9 to 6.4) | |
| Had extramarital intercourse in the last year before incarceration | ||
| Yes (1354) | 28 (2.2) (1.5 to 3.4) | 0.69 |
| No (3089) | 59 (2.0) (1.1 to 3.9) | |
| Number of heterosexual partners in the past year | ||
| None (3089) | 60 (2.3) (1.1 to 3.9) | 0.65 |
| 1 (503) | 10 (2.1) (1.1 to 4.0) | |
| 2–3 (338) | 6 (1.9) (1.1 to 3.6) | |
| >3 (480) | 12 (2.7) (1.7 to 4.2) | |
| Used condom in last extramarital intercourse | 0.60 | |
| Yes (1106) | 26 (2.5) (1.5 to 4.1) | |
| No (1450) | 32 (2.3) (1.5 to 3.6) | |
| Men who have ever had anal sex with men | ||
| Yes (62) | 2 (3.7) (0.6 to 18.8) | 0.56 |
| No (2398) | 47 (2.0) (0.9 to 4.4) | |
| Ever treated for a sexually transmitted infection | ||
| Yes (223) | 4 (1.9) (0.5 to 6.8) | 0.88 |
| No (4167) | 80 (2.0) (1.2 to 3.5) | |
*Percentage in each row presents weighted prevalence of HIV infection in that subgroup, which due to adjustments is not exactly the same as applying.
†Derived from χ2 tests of association.
‡Variables with a p value less than 0.2 in bivariate analysis were included in the multiple regression model.