n (%), Adjusted OR (95% CI)‡ | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | Mucosal HPV | Cutaneous HPV† | ||||||
Mucosal high risk† | Mucosal low risk† | Mucosal all† | ||||||
Total | 1681 (30.3) | 1249 (22.5) | 2450 (44.2) | 2300 (41.5) | ||||
Age (years) | ||||||||
25–35 | 412 (29.1) | 1.00 | 395 (27.9) | 1.00 | 669 (47.2) | 1.00 | 546 (38.5) | 1.00 |
36–45 | 557 (28.2) | 1.00 (0.85 to 1.18) | 438 (22.1) | 0.76 (0.64 to 0.90) | 842 (42.6) | 0.87 (0.75 to 1.00) | 776 (39.2) | 0.99 (0.85 to 1.15) |
46–55 | 332 (30.0) | 1.14 (0.93 to 1.39) | 208 (18.8) | 0.64 (0.52 to 0.80) | 464 (41.9) | 0.89 (0.74 to 1.07) | 487 (44.0) | 1.24 (1.03 to 1.49) |
56–65 | 380 (36.4) | 1.53 (1.23 to 1.90) | 208 (19.9) | 0.70 (0.55 to 0.89) | 475 (45.5) | 1.03 (0.84 to 1.26) | 491 (47.0) | 1.45 (1.19 to 1.78) |
p value for trend§ | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.992 | <0.001 | ||||
Type of employment | ||||||||
Farming or working in local area | 1292 (30.2) | 1.00 | 917 (21.4) | 1.00 | 1853 (43.3) | 1.00 | 1772 (41.4) | 1.00 |
Working outside of local area | 242 (32.1) | 1.15 (0.95 to 1.38) | 230 (30.5) | 1.39 (1.14 to 1.69) | 385 (51.0) | 1.30 (1.09 to 1.54) | 321 (42.5) | 1.12 (0.94 to 1.34) |
Other | 54 (27.0) | 0.83 (0.60 to 1.16) | 34 (17.0) | 0.71 (0.48 to 1.04) | 76 (38.0) | 0.77 (0.57 to 1.04) | 88 (44.0) | 1.14 (0.85 to 1.52) |
Cigarette smoking | ||||||||
Never | 1096 (30.0) | 1.00 | 773 (21.1) | 1.00 | 1571 (43.0) | 1.00 | 1519 (41.6) | 1.00 |
Ever | 492 (31.2) | 0.93 (0.78 to 1.12) | 408 (25.9) | 1.38 (1.13 to 1.68) | 743 (47.1) | 1.13 (0.96 to 1.34) | 662 (42.0) | 0.94 (0.80 to 1.12) |
Number of lifetime sexual partners | ||||||||
0–1 | 1427 (30.0) | 1.00 | 1069 (22.5) | 1.00 | 2092 (44.0) | 1.00 | 1973 (41.5) | 1.00 |
2 | 64 (30.9) | 1.07 (0.79 to 1.46) | 51 (24.6) | 1.01 (0.73 to 1.41) | 99 (47.8) | 1.11 (0.84 to 1.48) | 85 (41.1) | 1.03 (0.77 to 1.37) |
≥3 | 80 (37.2) | 1.39 (1.03 to 1.88) | 59 (27.4) | 1.07 (0.77 to 1.48) | 105 (48.8) | 1.07 (0.81 to 1.43) | 95 (44.2) | 1.19 (0.89 to 1.59) |
p value for trend§ | 0.035 | 0.690 | 0.466 | 0.266 |
*Sera from HPV vaccine recipients were pooled and included as the positive standard on each plate every day. The interplate coefficients of variation (CVs) for HPV-16 L1 across all days ranged from 2.0 to 24.0%, with a median of 15.2%.
†Types 16, 18, 45, 52 and 58 were classified as mucosal high-risk HPV types; types 6 and 11 were classified as mucosal low-risk HPV types; types 3, 57, and 75 were classified as cutaneous HPV types.
‡Adjusted OR and 95% CI were derived by multivariate logistic regression models which included all listed variables as well as gender, education level, marital status, alcohol consumption, intercourse frequency and history of oral/anal sexual practice (Potential risk factors that were statistically significant in univariate analyses, together with related variables which have been reported in the literature were included in multivariate models).
§p values for trend were derived by logistic regression analysis taking categorical variables as continuous variables.
HPV, human papillomavirus.