Univariate and multivariate analyses of HSV-2 seroconversion risk factors among HIV-1-uninfected partners in HIV-1-discordant heterosexual couples (n=517)
| No. | Seroconverters (n) | PY | Incidence (per 100 PY) | CHR (95% CI) | p Value | AHR (95% CI) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables of HIV-1-uninfected partners at baseline | ||||||||
| Age (years) | ||||||||
| <30 | 135 | 9 | 185 | 4.9 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| ≥30 | 382 | 23 | 533 | 4.3 | 0.89 (0.41 to 1.93) | 0.773 | 1.29 (0.57 to 2.93) | 0.537 |
| Gender | ||||||||
| Female | 403 | 19 | 567 | 3.3 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Male | 114 | 13 | 152 | 8.5 | 2.53 (1.25 to 5.12) | 0.010 | 0.85 (0.36 to 2.00) | 0.709 |
| Education | ||||||||
| Illiterate or primary school | 371 | 18 | 521 | 3.4 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Junior/middle or high school | 146 | 14 | 197 | 7.1 | 2.08 (1.04 to 4.19) | 0.039 | 1.58 (0.75 to 3.32) | 0.225 |
| Ethnicity | ||||||||
| Non-Han | 371 | 17 | 517 | 3.3 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Han | 146 | 15 | 201 | 7.5 | 2.30 (1.15 to 4.60) | 0.019 | 1.63 (0.76 to 3.49) | 0.207 |
| HSV-2 serostatus | ||||||||
| Negative | 509 | 31 | 709 | 4.4 | 1.00 | |||
| Equivocal | 8 | 1 | 10 | 10.0 | 2.32 (0.32 to 16.97) | 0.409 | ||
| Variables of their study partners (ie, HIV-1-infected partners) at baseline | ||||||||
| HSV-2 serostatus | ||||||||
| Negative | 403 | 11 | 571 | 1.9 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Positive | 107 | 20 | 137 | 14.6 | 7.44 (3.56 to 15.53) | <0.001 | 7.06 (3.15 to 15.81) | <0.001 |
| Equivocal | 7 | 1 | 10 | 10.0 | 5.26 (0.68 to 40.72) | 0.112 | 5.63 (0.71 to 44.90) | 0.103 |
| CD4+ count (cells/μL)* | ||||||||
| <350 | 199 | 16 | 274 | 5.8 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| ≥350 | 289 | 16 | 412 | 3.9 | 0.52 (0.26 to 1.05) | 0.070 | 0.42 (0.20 to 0.88) | 0.021 |
| Plasma HIV viral load (copies/mL)† | ||||||||
| <1000 | 300 | 19 | 426 | 4.5 | 1.00 | |||
| ≥1000 | 200 | 13 | 277 | 4.7 | 1.05 (0.52 to 2.13) | 0.889 | ||
| Variables of HIV-1-uninfected partners at follow-up visit | ||||||||
| Frequency of sex with study partner in the past 12 months (times/month) | ||||||||
| No sex | 78 | 5 | 108 | 4.6 | 1.61 (0.56 to 4.63) | 0.378 | 1.59 (0.54 to 4.63) | 0.398 |
| 1–4 | 268 | 11 | 380 | 2.9 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| 5–30 | 171 | 16 | 229 | 7.0 | 2.43 (1.13 to 5.23) | 0.024 | 2.74 (1.22 to 6.16) | 0.014 |
| Any unprotected sex with study partner in the past 12 months | ||||||||
| No | 434 | 25 | 603 | 4.1 | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 83 | 7 | 116 | 6.0 | 1.46 (0.63 to 3.38) | 0.373 | ||
| Outside sexual partnership during follow-up | ||||||||
| No | 509 | 30 | 709 | 4.2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 8 | 2 | 10 | 20.0 | 4.92 (1.18 to 20.60) | 0.029 | 3.05 (0.66 to 14.15) | 0.154 |
| Variables of their study partners (ie, HIV-1-infected partners) at follow-up | ||||||||
| Time of initiating ART | ||||||||
| Treatment-naive | 217 | 11 | 298 | 3.7 | 1.00 | |||
| Prior to baseline | 251 | 19 | 350 | 5.4 | 1.46 (0.70 to 3.08) | 0.314 | ||
| During follow-up | 49 | 2 | 70 | 2.9 | 0.77 (0.17 to 3.48) | 0.735 | ||
*No results available for 29 HIV-1-uninfected partners.
†No results available for 17 HIV-1-uninfected partners.
AHR, adjusted HR; ART, antiretroviral therapy; CHR, crude HR; HSV-2, herpes simplex virus type 2; PY, person-years.