Percentage, unadjusted and adjusted ORs for prevalent chlamydia infection, self-reported diagnosis in the last year and self-reported testing by socio-demographic and behavioural factors (sexually experienced 16–24 year old women)
| Prevalent infection detected in urine (n=992) | Diagnosed with chlamydia in the last year (among those tested in the last year) (n=940) | Tested for chlamydia in the last year (n=1736) | Denominator (weighted, unweighted)* | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | 95% CI | OR | AOR† | 95% CI | % | 95% CI | OR | AOR† | 95% CI | % | 95% CI | OR | AOR† | 95% CI | Infection | Diagnosis | Tested | |
| Age group | ||||||||||||||||||
| 16–19 | 3.8 | 2.2 to 6.3 | 1.00 | 1.00 | – | 6.0 | 3.8 to 9.2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | – | 56.6 | 52.5 to 60.6 | 1.00 | 1.00 | – | 214, 395 | 193, 375 | 343, 672 |
| 20–24 | 2.7 | 1.7 to 4.3 | 0.71 | 0.71 | 0.27 to 1.87 | 5.1 | 3.4 to 7.6 | 0.86 | 0.80 | 0.35 to 1.78 | 52.8 | 49.2 to 56.4 | 0.86 | 0.82 | 0.62 to 1.07 | 383, 597 | 329, 565 | 623, 1064 |
| Country‡ | ||||||||||||||||||
| England | 2.9 | 2.0 to 4.3 | 1.00 | 1.00 | – | 57.1 | 54.1 to 60.1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | – | 504, 817 | 469, 832 | 823, 1452 | |||||
| Scotland | 3.1 | 1.1 to 8.6 | 1.08 | 1.34 | 0.43 to 4.14 | 32.4 | 24.4 to 41.5 | 0.36 | 0.29 | 0.18 to 0.45 | 56, 103 | 30, 58 | 91, 178 | |||||
| Wales | 5.3 | 1.9 to 13.8 | 1.87 | 1.88 | 0.63 to 5.54 | 45.6 | 36.2 to 55.4 | 0.63 | 0.53 | 0.32 to 0.85 | 37, 72 | 24, 50 | 52, 106 | |||||
| IMD quintile of LSOA of residence§ | ||||||||||||||||||
| 2 least deprived | 1.3 | 0.5 to 3.4 | 1.00 | 1.00 | – | 4.8 | 2.8 to 8.1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | – | 54.2 | 49.5 to 58.8 | 1.00 | 1.00 | – | 213, 355 | 183, 319 | 338, 595 |
| Middle quintile | 1.8 | 0.8 to 4.2 | 1.37 | 1.40 | 0.39 to 4.98 | 3.5 | 1.6 to 7.3 | 0.71 | 1.06 | 0.37 to 3.04 | 54.4 | 48.0 to 60.7 | 1.01 | 1.03 | 0.71 to 1.48 | 111, 174 | 102, 176 | 189, 324 |
| 2 most deprived | 4.9 | 3.3 to 7.3 | 3.82 | 4.23 | 1.53 to 11.6 | 6.8 | 4.6 to 10.0 | 1.46 | 1.70 | 0.73 to 3.91 | 54.0 | 49.8 to 58.2 | 0.99 | 0.97 | 0.73 to 1.29 | 273, 463 | 236, 445 | 439, 817 |
| Age left school¶†† | ||||||||||||||||||
| 17+ | 3.2 | 2.1 to 4.8 | 1.00 | 5.2 | 3.6 to 7.5 | 1.00 | 54.3 | 51.0 to 57.6 | 1.00 | 445, 700 | 387, 658 | 715, 1217 | ||||||
| 16 | 3.4 | 1.9 to 6.0 | 1.06 | 6.2 | 3.7 to 10.5 | 1.21 | 55.5 | 50.1 to 60.8 | 1.05 | 120, 229 | 109, 228 | 196, 405 | ||||||
| Age at first heterosexual sex | ||||||||||||||||||
| 17+ | 1.6 | 0.7 to 3.7 | 1.00 | 1.00 | – | 4.1 | 1.8 to 8.9 | 1.00 | 1.00 | – | 43.9 | 38.7 to 49.1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | – | 188, 246 | 137, 215 | 313, 489 |
| 16 | 3.9 | 2.1 to 6.9 | 2.52 | 2.20 | 0.67 to 7.17 | 5.0 | 2.8 to 8.9 | 1.24 | 0.80 | 0.26 to 2.42 | 56.4 | 51.6 to 61.1 | 1.66 | 1.39 | 0.99 to 1.92 | 178, 304 | 154, 272 | 273, 503 |
| <16 | 4.0 | 2.4 to 6.6 | 2.65 | 1.82 | 0.60 to 5.42 | 6.9 | 4.8 to 9.9 | 1.76 | 0.89 | 0.35 to 2.25 | 63.9 | 59.8 to 67.9 | 2.27 | 1.44 | 1.05 to 1.97 | 213, 415 | 220, 429 | 344, 680 |
| Number of sexual partners in the last year†† | ||||||||||||||||||
| 0 or 1 | 2.5 | 1.5 to 4.0 | 1.00 | 3.0 | 1.7 to 5.4 | 1.00 | 46.6 | 43.3 to 50.0 | 1.00 | 387, 600 | 291, 507 | 624, 1096 | ||||||
| 2 | 3.9 | 1.8 to 8.5 | 1.62 | 6.6 | 3.7 to 11.6 | 2.25 | 65.2 | 58.8 to 71.1 | 2.15 | 90, 161 | 93, 178 | 143, 275 | ||||||
| 3–4 | 1.9 | 0.7 to 5.1 | 0.75 | 8.8 | 5.2 to 14.6 | 3.08 | 69.7 | 62.0 to 76.4 | 2.63 | 63, 127 | 76, 146 | 111, 210 | ||||||
| 5+ | 8.3 | 3.9 to 16.8 | 3.57 | 11.6 | 6.2 to 20.8 | 4.19 | 74.8 | 64.4 to 83.0 | 3.40 | 49, 93 | 58, 101 | 77, 135 | ||||||
| Number of new sexual partners in the last year | ||||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 2.2 | 1.3 to 3.7 | 1.00 | 1.00 | – | 2.8 | 1.5 to 5.0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | – | 45.6 | 41.9 to 49.3 | 1.00 | 1.00 | – | 313, 495 | 226, 397 | 495, 873 |
| 1 | 2.8 | 1.2 to 6.3 | 1.26 | 1.17 | 0.38 to 3.52 | 4.8 | 2.5 to 9.1 | 1.76 | 1.89 | 0.69 to 5.16 | 59.2 | 54.0 to 64.2 | 1.73 | 1.69 | 1.25 to 2.27 | 160, 263 | 156, 287 | 264, 485 |
| 2+ | 5.9 | 3.5 to 9.8 | 2.73 | 1.65 | 0.50 to 5.39 | 10.7 | 7.3 to 15.6 | 4.23 | 3.09 | 1.07 to 8.86 | 70.0 | 63.8 to 75.6 | 2.79 | 1.46 | 0.95 to 2.21 | 118, 225 | 137, 249 | 197, 359 |
| Number of sexual partners in the last year without a condom | ||||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 2.9 | 1.2 to 7.1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | – | 4.2 | 1.5 to 11.6 | 1.00 | 1.00 | – | 36.4 | 30.8 to 42.3 | 1.00 | 120, 173 | 76, 130 | 210, 361 | ||
| 1 | 2.2 | 1.4 to 3.6 | 0.76 | 0.34 | 0.10 to 1.10 | 3.8 | 2.4 to 6.1 | 0.90 | 0.72 | 0.15 to 3.21 | 54.7 | 51.4 to 58.0 | 2.11 | 1.52 | 1.03 to 2.24 | 368, 606 | 319, 567 | 585, 1049 |
| 2+ | 6.3 | 3.5 to 11.2 | 2.25 | 0.49 | 0.12 to 1.83 | 10.3 | 7.0 to 15.0 | 2.60 | 0.90 | 0.18 to 4.49 | 74.2 | 68.3 to 79.4 | 5.04 | 1.86 | 1.09 to 3.15 | 108, 212 | 126, 241 | 169, 322 |
| Number of lifetime sexual partners | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1–4 | 2.4 | 1.4 to 4.2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | – | 2.1 | 1.1 to 4.0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | – | 43.5 | 40.0 to 47.1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | – | 321, 482 | 218, 391 | 503, 894 |
| 5–9 | 2.8 | 1.4 to 5.2 | 1.15 | 0.87 | 0.32 to 2.32 | 6.2 | 3.7 to 10.3 | 3.07 | 2.40 | 0.90 to 6.37 | 63.8 | 58.5 to 68.7 | 2.29 | 1.96 | 1.43 to 2.69 | 150, 267 | 161, 289 | 252, 453 |
| 10+ | 5.4 | 2.9 to 9.7 | 2.29 | 1.39 | 0.45 to 4.18 | 9.9 | 6.5 to 14.7 | 5.12 | 3.76 | 1.19 to 11.8 | 69.6 | 63.9 to 74.7 | 2.97 | 2.11 | 1.41 to 3.13 | 121, 234 | 141, 254 | 202, 373 |
| Condom used for most recent sex with most recent partner | ||||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 2.8 | 1.5 to 5.3 | 1.00 | 1.00 | – | 3.4 | 1.6 to 7.0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | – | 51.6 | 46.9 to 56.3 | 1.00 | 1.00 | – | 202, 314 | 170, 303 | 330, 586 |
| No | 3.6 | 2.4 to 5.4 | 1.28 | 1.59 | 0.67 to 3.74 | 6.3 | 4.4 to 8.9 | 1.90 | 1.88 | 0.81 to 4.32 | 58.0 | 54.6 to 61.3 | 1.30 | 1.01 | 0.74 to 1.35 | 352, 613 | 328, 592 | 567, 1027 |
| Concurrent partnerships in last year** | ||||||||||||||||||
| No | 2.7 | 1.8 to 4.2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | – | 4.3 | 2.9 to 6.4 | 1.00 | 1.00 | – | 51.0 | 47.8 to 54.2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | – | 439, 706 | 361, 639 | 710, 1256 |
| Yes | 6.3 | 2.9 to 13.4 | 2.40 | 1.34 | 0.48 to 3.70 | 8.1 | 4.1 to 15.3 | 1.95 | 0.75 | 0.27 to 2.00 | 74.6 | 67.1 to 80.8 | 2.81 | 1.46 | 0.93 to 2.28 | 66, 134 | 78, 146 | 105, 196 |
| Unknown | 3.1 | 1.3 to 7.2 | 1.14 | 1.13 | 0.38 to 3.31 | 7.8 | 4.3 to 13.9 | 1.88 | 1.46 | 0.62 to 3.38 | 64.6 | 57.5 to 71.2 | 1.76 | 1.53 | 1.02 to 2.28 | 73, 127 | 76, 144 | 117, 226 |
| Frequency of binge drinking | ||||||||||||||||||
| Never/≤monthly | 2.5 | 1.5 to 4.1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | – | 3.7 | 2.4 to 5.7 | 1.00 | 1.00 | – | 52.1 | 48.7 to 55.5 | 1.00 | 1.00 | – | 373, 598 | 312, 561 | 601, 1085 |
| Monthly | 1.2 | 0.5 to 3.3 | 0.49 | 0.46 | 0.13 to 1.51 | 6.6 | 3.6 to 11.8 | 1.85 | 1.91 | 0.74 to 4.89 | 52.4 | 46.6 to 58.2 | 1.01 | 0.75 | 0.54 to 1.02 | 130, 226 | 112, 200 | 214, 375 |
| ≥Weekly | 7.9 | 4.7 to 13.1 | 3.35 | 2.51 | 1.08 to 5.76 | 9.4 | 5.2 to 16.3 | 2.69 | 2.06 | 0.75 to 5.61 | 64.4 | 57.6 to 70.7 | 1.66 | 1.16 | 0.81 to 1.64 | 95, 168 | 97, 177 | 151, 274 |
| Ever had any same sex experience/ contact | ||||||||||||||||||
| No | 3.1 | 2.1 to 4.4 | 1.00 | 1.00 | – | 5.3 | 3.7 to 7.5 | 1.00 | 1.00 | – | 51.9 | 48.8 to 55.0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | – | 473, 750 | 388, 704 | 749, 1352 |
| Yes | 3.2 | 1.4 to 7.1 | 1.05 | 0.74 | 0.30 to 1.76 | 5.9 | 3.5 to 10.0 | 1.13 | 0.71 | 0.30 to 1.68 | 61.9 | 56.0 to 67.5 | 1.51 | 1.21 | 0.88 to 1.65 | 124, 242 | 134, 236 | 218, 384 |
Variables in bold indicate those which are statistically significant (p<0.05).
95% CI of unadjusted OR and p values for unadjusted and adjusted OR are presented in full in the online supplementary material.
*N in column headings shows unweighted denominators. Total denominators by characteristic and in multivariable models vary due to item-missingness.
†AOR adjusted for all variables shown.
‡Results for recent diagnosis are not reported due to small sample size in Scotland and Wales when limited to those tested.
§IMD of LSOA of residence. IMD scores for England, Scotland and Wales were adjusted before being combined and assigned to quintiles, using the method described by Payne and Abel.25
¶Excludes 16 year olds.
**Among those with ≥1 sexual partner in last year.
††With two exceptions, all variables included in univariable models were included in multivariable models: number of sexual partners in the last year was not included due to collinearity with other sexual partnership variables; age left school was not included as data were unavailable for 16 year-olds.
AOR, adjusted OR; IMD, Index of Multiple Deprivation; LSOA, lower super output area.