Table 3

Violence from clients and husbands: relation to sexual risk factors for HIV (n=2336)

More money for sex with no condom, last 30 days 15.6% (n=365)Consistent condom use with clients, last 30 days 56.6% (n=1323)Consistent condom use with husbands/partners, last 30 days 10.7% (n=55)*STI symptom, last 6 months 47.6% (n=1113)
Violence by perpetrator type (independent variable in all models)OR (95% CI)OR (95% CI)OR (95% CI)OR (95% CI)
Client-perpetrated violence
 Yes
  Crude1.7 (1.4 to 2.3)†0.6 (0.5 to 0.8)†1.0 (0.5 to 2.0)2.9 (2.3 to 3.6)†
  Adjusted‡1.7 (1.4 to 2.2)†0.6 (0.5 to 0.7)†0.9 (0.4 to 2.0)2.9 (2.3 to 3.6)†
 No1.0 (referent)1.0 (referent)1.0 (referent)1.0 (referent)
Husband-perpetrated violence§
 Yes
  Crude1.9 (1.1 to 3.1)¶0.5 (0.3 to 0.8)¶0.7 (0.3 to 1.6)2.4 (1.5 to 3.8)**
  Adjusted‡2.1 (1.2 to 3.7)¶0.5 (0.3 to 0.8)¶0.8 (0.3 to 1.8)2.6 (1.6 to 4.1)†
 No1.0 (referent)1.0 (referent)1.0 (referent)1.0 (referent)

  • *Analyses restricted to those reporting having sex with husbands in the last 30 days (n=325).

  • ‡Adjusted logistic regression models adjusted for age, venue, study round and other violence (eg, models assessing client-perpetrated violence are adjusted for husband-perpetrated violence).

  • §Analyses restricted to those reporting husbands (n=515).

  • ¶p<0.05, Wald.

  • **p<0.001.

  • †p<0.0001.