Long-term sequelae following pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) with selected fastidious bacterial vaginosis–associated bacteria (BVAB)* and ureaplasmal bacteria
| Cervical and/or endometrial BVAB 1 or more+ N=629 n (%) | Cervical and/or endometrial BVAB All negative N=62 n (%) | Adjusted RR† (95% CI) | Endometrial BVAB 1 or more+ N=418 n (%) | Endometrial BVAB All negative N=191 n (%) | Adjusted RR† (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Recurrent PID | 126 (21.1) | 9 (15.0) | 1.4 (0.6 to 2.9) | 98 (24.3) | 28 (15.8) | 1.6 (1.0 to 2.6) |
| Infertility | 117 (18.9) | 6 (9.7) | 2.3 (1.0 to 5.6) | 84 (20.4) | 30 (16.0) | 1.4 (0.9 to 2.3) |
| Chronic pelvic pain | 254 (42.0) | 28 (46.7) | 1.0 (0.5 to 1.7) | 160 (39.7) | 87 (47.8) | 0.8 (0.6 to 1.2) |
| Cervical and/or endometrial BVAB All positive N=229 n (%) | Cervical and/or endometrial BVAB All negative N=62 n (%) | Adjusted RR* (95% CI) | Endometrial BVAB All positive N=55 n (%) | Endometrial BVAB All negative N=191 n (%) | Adjusted RR† (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Recurrent PID | 51 (23.3) | 9 (15.0) | 1.5 (0.7 to 3.5) | 22 (41.5) | 28 (15.8) | 3.9 (1.9 to 8.2) |
| Infertility | 54 (24.0) | 6 (9.7) | 3.8 (1.4 to 10.2) | 11 (20.0) | 30 (16.0) | 1.5 (0.6 to 3.4) |
| Chronic pelvic pain | 79 (35.6) | 28 (46.7) | 0.7 (0.4 to 1.3) | 25 (45.5) | 87 (47.8) | 1.1 (0.6 to 2.1) |
| Cervical and/or endometrial UU+ N=179 n (%) | Cervical and/or endometrial UU− N=421 n (%) | Adjusted RR* (95% CI) | Endometrial UU + N=53 n (%) | Endometrial UU− N=554 n (%) | Adjusted RR† (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Recurrent PID | 42 (25.1) | 79 (19.6) | 1.4 (0.9 to 2.1) | 15 (30.6) | 111 (20.9) | 1.7 (0.9 to 3.2) |
| Infertility | 33 (18.9) | 79 (19.0) | 1.1 (0.7 to 1.8) | 9 (17.3) | 105 (19.3) | 0.9 (0.4 to 2.0) |
| Chronic pelvic pain | 82 (47.4) | 165 (40.6) | 1.4 (1.0 to 2.1) | 28 (53.8) | 219 (41.1) | 1.8 (1.0 to 3.3) |
| Cervical and/or endometrial UP+ N=371 n (%) | Cervical and/or endometrial UP− N=264 n (%) | Adjusted RR* (95% CI) | Endometrial UP+ N=115 n (%) | Endometrial UP− N=492 n (%) | Adjusted RR† (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Recurrent PID | 73 (20.6) | 53 (21.4) | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.5) | 28 (25.0) | 98 (21.0) | 1.3 (0.8 to 2.1) |
| Infertility | 66 (18.0) | 48 (18.5) | 0.9 (0.6 to 1.4) | 18 (15.8) | 96 (19.9) | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.4) |
| Chronic pelvic pain | 150 (42.1) | 113 (44.1) | 0.9 (0.7 to 1.3) | 52 (46.4) | 195 (41.2) | 1.3 (0.8 to 1.9) |
*Sneathia sanguinegens, Sneathia amnionii, Atopobium vaginae, and BVAB1. Comparison group consists of women who tested negative for all four bacteria. In model of ‘all positive’, women testing positive for some but not all bacteria are excluded.
†All models are adjusted for age and race. Infertility model additionally adjusted for self-reported infertility at baseline.