HSV-2 shedding and modifiers that influence live births in South Africa, 2010 (n=615)
| Birth outcome | Unadjusted | Multivariable adjusted* | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Live born (N=538, 87.5%) | Not live born (N=77, 12.5%) | OR (95% CI) for adverse outcome | p Value | OR (95% CI) for adverse outcome | p Value |
| HSV-2 shedding: n (%) | ||||||
| No | 486 (88) | 66 (12) | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | ||
| Yes | 52 (82.5) | 11 (17.5) | 1.6 (0.8 to 3.1) | 0.21 | 1.3 (0.7 to 2.8) | 0.42 |
| Age group: n (%) | ||||||
| 18–24 | 287 (86.2) | 46 (13.8) | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | ||
| 25–34 | 213 (89.1) | 26 (10.9) | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.3) | 0.30 | 0.6 (0.3 to 1.1) | 0.12 |
| 35–44 | 38 (88.4) | 5 (11.6) | 0.8 (0.3 to 2.2) | 0.69 | 0.5 (0.1 to 1.6) | 0.22 |
| HIV-1: n (%) | ||||||
| No | 342 (88.8) | 43 (11.2) | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | ||
| Yes | 196 (85.2) | 34 (14.8) | 1.4 (0.9 to 2.2) | 0.19 | 1.3 (0.8 to 2.1) | 0.39 |
| Gravidity: median (IQR) | 2 (1–2) | 2 (1–3) | 1.1 (0.9 to 1.3) | 0.55 | 1.2 (0.9 to 1.6) | 0.14 |
| Socioeconomic status: n (%) | ||||||
| Unknown | 13 (86.7) | 2 (13.3) | 0.9 (0.2 to 4.1) | 0.88 | 0.9 (0.2 to 4.5) | 0.92 |
| Low | 191 (85.3) | 33 (14.7) | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | ||
| Medium | 229 (89.8) | 26 (10.2) | 0.7 (0.4 to 1.1) | 0.13 | 0.7 (0.4 to 1.3) | 0.26 |
| High | 105 (86.8) | 16 (13.2) | 0.9 (0.5 to 1.7) | 0.70 | 1 (0.5 to 1.9) | 0.99 |
| Neisseria gonorrhoeae, n (%)† | ||||||
| No | 501 (88.0) | 68 (12.0) | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | ||
| Yes | 30 (76.9) | 9 (23.1) | 2.2 (1 to 4.9) | 0.05 | 2.2 (1.0 to 4.9) | 0.05 |
| Trichomonas vaginalis, n (%)† | ||||||
| No | 457 (88.4) | 60 (11.6) | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | ||
| Yes | 75 (82.4) | 16 (17.6) | 1.6 (0.9 to 3) | 0.12 | 1.6 (0.9 to 3) | 0.13 |
| Chlamydia trachomatis, n (%)‡ | ||||||
| No | 429 (86.8) | 65 (13.2) | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | ||
| Yes | 103 (89.6) | 12 (10.4) | 0.8 (0.4 to 1.5) | 0.43 | 0.7 (0.4 to 1.4) | 0.28 |
| Treated for STIs | ||||||
| No | 17 (94.5) | 1 (5.5) | 1 (ref.) | |||
| Yes | 108 (93.9) | 7 (6.1) | 0.91 (0.11 to 7.74) | 0.69 | – | – |
| Same day | 36 (94.7) | 2 (5.3) | 1 (ref.) | |||
| Subsequent visit | 72 (93.5) | 5 (6.5) | 1.25 (0.23 to 6.76) | 0.58 | ||
*Adjusted for age, gravidity, socioeconomic status, HIV-1, chlamydia, trichomonas and gonorrhoea.
†Seven subjects with unknown or missing results.
‡Six subjects with unknown or missing data.
HSV-2, herpes simplex virus-2.