HSV-2 shedding and modifiers that may influence preterm deliveries in South Africa, 2010 (n=574)*
| Birth outcome | Multivariable adjusted† | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Term (N=415, 72.3%) | Preterm (N=159, 27.7%) | OR (95% CI) for adverse outcome | p Value | OR (95% CI) for adverse outcome | p Value |
| HSV-2 shedding: n (%) | ||||||
| No | 372 (72.1) | 144 (27.9) | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | ||
| Yes | 43 (74.1) | 15 (25.9) | 0.9 (0.5 to 1.7) | 0.74 | 0.9 (0.5 to 1.7) | 0.68 |
| Age group: n (%) | ||||||
| 18–24 | 216 (70.8) | 89 (29.2) | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | ||
| 25–34 | 162 (71.7) | 64 (28.3) | 1 (0.7 to 1.4) | 0.83 | 0.9 (0.6 to 1.3) | 0.64 |
| 35–44 | 37 (86.0) | 6 (14.0) | 0.4 (0.2 to 1) | 0.04 | 0.4 (0.2 to 0.9) | 0.04 |
| HIV-1: n (%) | ||||||
| No | 263 (73.1) | 97 (26.9) | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | ||
| Yes | 152 (71.0) | 62 (29.0) | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.6) | 0.6 | 1.1 (0.7 to 1.6) | 0.69 |
| Gravidity: median (IQR) | 2 (1–2) | 2 (1–2) | 0.9 (0.8 to 1.1) | 0.34 | 1 (0.8 to 1.2) | 0.93 |
| Socioeconomic status: n (%) | ||||||
| Unknown | 11 (78.6) | 3 (21.4) | 0.9 (0.2 to 4.1) | 0.88 | 0.8 (0.2 to 3.2) | 0.76 |
| Low | 150 (73.2) | 55 (26.8) | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | ||
| Medium | 166 (68.3) | 77 (31.7) | 0.7 (0.4 to 1.1) | 0.13 | 1.3 (0.8 to 1.9) | 0.27 |
| High | 88 (78.6) | 24 (21.4) | 0.9 (0.5 to 1.7) | 0.70 | 0.7 (0.4 to 1.3) | 0.31 |
| Neisseria gonorrhoeae, n (%)‡ | ||||||
| No | 390 (73.0) | 144 (27.0) | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | ||
| Yes | 21 (61.8) | 13 (38.2) | 1.7 (0.8 to 3.4) | 0.16 | 1.7 (0.8 to 3.5) | 0.17 |
| Trichomonas vaginalis.n (%)§ | ||||||
| No | 354 (72.7) | 133 (27.3) | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | ||
| Yes | 58 (70.7) | 24 (29.3) | 1.1 (0.7 to 1.8) | 0.71 | 1.1 (0.7 to 1.9) | 0.67 |
| Chlamydia trachomatis, n (%)§ | ||||||
| No | 334 (72) | 130 (28) | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | ||
| Yes | 78 (74.3) | 27 (25.7) | 0.9 (0.5 to 1.4) | 0.63 | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.2) | 0.27 |
| Treated for STIs | ||||||
| No | 12 (66.7) | 6 (33.3) | 1 (ref.) | |||
| Yes | 99 (86.8) | 15 (13.2) | 3.3 (1.08 to 10.12) | 0.041† | – | – |
| Same day | 68 (88.3) | 9 (11.7) | 1 (ref.) | |||
| Subsequent visit | 31 (83.8) | 6 (16.2) | 1.46 (0.48 to 4.47) | 0.346 | ||
*36 women who were lost to follow-up, 77 pregnancies ending in stillbirths and 5 women for whom pregnancy outcomes were not available were excluded from this analysis.
†Adjusted for age, gravidity, socioeconomic status, HIV-1, chlamydia, trichomonas and gonorrhoea.
‡Six Subjects with unknown or missing status.
§Five subjects with unknown or missing results.
HSV-2, herpes simplex virus-2.