Characteristics of study participants and associations with CT, NG and TV infection, Gaborone, Botswana (n=400)
| Total sample (n=400) | STI* (n=54) | CT (n=31) | NG (n=5) | TV (n=21) | |||||
| n (%) | n (%) | ρ | n (%) | ρ | n (%) | ρ | n (%) | ρ | |
| Age, median (range), years | 30 (19–45) | 29 (19–43) | 28 (19–40) | † | 22 (21–39) | 31 (21–43) | |||
| 18–25 | 95 (23.8) | 17 (17.9) | 12 (12.6) | 3 (3.2) | 4 (4.2) | ||||
| 26–35 | 221 (55.3) | 25 (11.3) | 14 (6.3) | 1 (0.5) | 11 (5.0) | ||||
| >35 | 84 (21.0) | 12 (14.3) | 5 (6.0) | 1 (1.2) | 6 (7.1) | ||||
| Marital status (n=396) | ‡ | ‡ | |||||||
| Unmarried | 307 (76.8) | 49 (16.0) | 27 (8.8) | 5 (1.6) | 20 (6.5) | ||||
| Married | 89 (22.3) | 5 (5.6) | 4 (4.5) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.1) | ||||
| Education (n=392) | † | ‡ | |||||||
| Junior secondary or less | 118 (29.5) | 22 (18.6) | 9 (7.6) | 2 (1.7) | 12 (10.2) | ||||
| Senior secondary | 114 (28.5) | 17 (14.9) | 12 (10.5) | 0 (0) | 5 (4.4) | ||||
| Tertiary | 160 (40.0) | 15 (9.4) | 10 (6.3) | 3 (1.2.5) | 4 (2.5) | ||||
| Gestational age weeks (LNMP), median (range) | 26 (5–36) | 28 (8–35) | 28 (8–35) | 22 (11–32) | 29 (14–34) | ||||
| Prior pregnancies, median (range) | 1 (0–10) | 1 (0–5) | 1 (0–5) | 1 (0–1) | 2 (0–5) | ||||
| Prior births, median (range) | 1 (0–7) | 1 (0–5) | 1 (0–5) | 1 (0–1) | 2 (0–5) | ||||
| One or more births | 261 (65.3) | 37 (14.1) | 20 (7.7) | 3 (1.1) | 16 (6.1) | ||||
| Prior preterm birth | 64 (24.5) | 12 (18.8) | 10 (15.6) | ‡ | 1 (1.6) | 3 (4.7) | |||
| No prior preterm birth | 192 (73.5) | 25 (13.0) | 10 (5.2) | 2 (1.0) | 13 (6.8) | ||||
| Current CT/NG/TV symptoms | 165 (41.3) | 22 (13.0) | 10 (6.0) | 3 (1.8) | 10 (6.1) | ||||
| Vaginal discharge | 107 (26.8) | 15 (14.0) | 8 (7.5) | 2 (1.9) | 6 (5.6) | ||||
| Lower abdominal pain | 88 (22.0) | 9 (10.2) | 2 (2.3) | 1 (1.1) | 6 (6.8) | ||||
| Painful urination | 16 (4.0) | 2 (12.5) | 2 (12.5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ||||
| Treated syndromically during pregnancy | 48 (12.0) | 8 (16.7) | 5 (10.4) | 1 (2.0) | 2 (4.2) | ||||
| Condom use before pregnancy§ | |||||||||
| Never | 110 (27.5) | 14 (12.7) | 8 (7.3) | 1 (0.9) | 5 (4.5) | ||||
| Sometimes | 185 (46.3) | 28 (15.1) | 17 (9.2) | 2 (1.1) | 10 (5.4) | ||||
| Always | 98 (24.5) | 12 (12.6) | 6 (6.3) | 2 (2.0) | 6 (6.1) | ||||
| Condom use during pregnancy | |||||||||
| Never | 188 (47.0) | 30 (16.0) | 16 (8.5) | 4 (2.1) | 13 (6.9) | ||||
| Sometimes | 83 (20.8) | 9 (10.8) | 6 (7.2) | 0 (0) | 3 (4.6) | ||||
| Always | 75 (18.8) | 12 (16.0) | 7 (9.3) | 1 (1.3) | 4 (5.3) | ||||
| HIV infection status | ‡ | ‡ | |||||||
| Infected | 90 (22.5) | 21 (23.3) | 10 (11.1) | 2 (2.2) | 9 (10.0) | ||||
| Uninfected | 305 (76.3) | 32 (10.5) | 20 (6.6) | 3 (1.0) | 12 (3.9) |
CT, Chlamydia trachomatis; NG, Neisseria gonorrhoeae; TG, Trichomonas vaginalis; LNMP, last normal menstrual period.
*Diagnosed with CT, NG and/or TV infection.
†p<0.1 and ‡ p≤0.05, which resulted from Student’s t-test, χ2 test, Fisher’s exact test or Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test. CT, NG and/or TV symptoms include vaginal discharge, lower abdominal pain and painful urination.
§Women were asked about condom use during the 3 months prior to the pregnancy or trying for the pregnancy. Ranges are in brackets. Percentages are in parentheses and may not add up to 100 due to rounding. The denominator for the total sample column is 400. For the remaining columns, the denominators are derived from the row values in the total sample column.