Any HPV | HPV-6/11 | HR-HPV | |||||||
n (%) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI)* | n (%) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI)* | n (%) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI)* | |
Location of warts in all men | |||||||||
Distal penile warts† (N=44) | 29 (65.9) | 5.90 (3.11 to 11.23) | 5.34 (2.80 to 10.20) | 25 (56.8) | 40.20 (19.78 to 81.70) | 42.17 (20.01 to 88.85) | 4 (9.1) | 0.37 (0.13 to 1.04) | 0.32 (0.11 to 0.92) |
Proximal penile warts‡ (N=38) | 14 (36.8) | 1.78 (0.91 to 3.51) | 1.99 (1.00 to 3.97) | 5 (13.2) | 4.63 (1.68 to 12.78) | 4.54 (1.63 to 12.65) | 9 (23.7) | 1.13 (0.53 to 2.44) | 1.28 (0.59 to 2.78) |
No warts (N=852) | 210 (24.6) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 27 (3.2) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 183 (21.5) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
Circumcision status | |||||||||
Circumcised (N=94) | 12 (12.8) | 0.33 (0.18 to 0.63) | 0.37 (0.19 to 0.70) | 4 (4.3) | 0.56 (0.19 to 1.64) | 1.16 (0.37 to 3.67) | 8 (8.5) | 0.31 (0.14 to 0.65) | 0.28 (0.13 to 0.61) |
Uncircumcised (N=425) | 130 (30.6) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 31 (7.3) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 99 (23.3) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
Unknown (N=415) | 111 (26.7) | 0.83 (0.61 to 1.12) | 0.90 (0.66 to 1.23) | 22 (5.3) | 0.71 (0.41 to 1.25) | 1.16 (0.59 to 2.26) | 89 (21.4) | 0.90 (0.65 to 1.24) | 0.56 (0.62 to 1.19) |
HPV, human papillomavirus; HR-HPV, high-risk human papillomavirus; n represents the number of men tested positive for HPV; N represents the total number of men who had proximal penile warts, distal penile warts and no warts in each group; N also represents the total number of men who were circumcised, uncircumcised or had unknown circumcision status in their respective groups.
*Adjusted for location of warts and circumcision status.
†Location of distal penile warts that were in close contact with urine such as meatus, frenulum, prepuce, glans penis, corona or distal shaft.
‡Location of proximal penile warts unlikely to be in contact with urine such as base of penis, proximal shaft, and midshaft or suprapubic region.