Table 1

Characteristics of the studies included in meta-analysis

Study	Country	Study months	Sample size	Blood sampled (n)	ART types	Drug dose	Subjects types	Transmission modes	Gender	Median age (range), years	Jadad scale score
Choopanya et al 14	Thailand	84	2413	138	TDF	Daily	PWID	Needles/syringe	Both	31 (20–60)	5
Van Damme et al 4	Tanzania, South Africa, Kenya	12	2056	95	TDF-FTC	Daily	Women	Vaginal	Women	24.2 (18–35)	3
Molina et al 12	France, Canada	24	400	113	TDF-FTC	Intermittent	MSM	Rectal	Men	34.5 (NA)	3
Grant et al 15	Peru, Ecuador, South Africa, Brazil, Thailand, USA	31	2499	43	TDF-FTC	Daily	MSM and transgender	Rectal	Men	27.1 (18–67)	5
Baeten et al 16	Kenya, Uganda	36	4747	902	TDF-FTC	Daily	Serodiscordant couples	Vaginal/penile	Both	NA (18–45)	2
Baeten et al 16	Kenya, Uganda	36	4747	902	TDF	Daily	Serodiscordant couples	Vaginal/penile	Both	NA (18–45)	2
Baeten et al 31	Kenya, Uganda	36	4410	81	TDF-FTC	Daily	serodiscordant couples	vaginal/penile	Both	34 (28–40)	2
Baeten et al 31	Kenya, Uganda	36	4410	149	TDF	Daily	Serodiscordant couples	Vaginal/penile	Both	33 (29–40)	2
McCormack et al 32	England	20	544	NA	TDF-FTC	Immediate	MSM	Rectal	Men	35 (NA)	5
Thigpen et al 33	Botswana	42	1219	69	TDF-FTC	Daily	Sexually active heterosexual adults	Vaginal/penile	Both	NA (18–39)	3
Marrazzo et al 3	South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe	33	4969	158	TDF	Daily	Women	Vaginal	Women	25.3 (18–45)	2
Marrazzo et al 3	South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe	33	4969	157	TDF-FTC	Daily	Women	Vaginal	Women	25.3 (18–45)	2
Peterson et al 34	Nigeria, Cameroon, Ghana	12	936	NA	TDF	Daily	Women	Vaginal	Women	23.5 (18–34)	5

ART, antiretroviral therapy; PWID, people who inject drugs; MSM, men who have sex with men; NA, not available; FTC, emtricitabine; TDF, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate.