Control | Initial primary/secondary syphilis* | Repeat primary/secondary syphilis* | p Value† | Initial latent syphilis* | Reinfection latent syphilis* | p Value† | |
N= | 30 | 25 | 29 | 11 | 26 | ||
IFNα | 9.88 (1.6–16.43) | 7.45 (0.8–31.4) | 7.45 (0.8–24.22) | 0.673 | 20.42 (0.8–24.6) | 1.6 (0.8–16.43) | 0.263 |
IL-1 | 1.57 (1.57–1.57) | 1.57 (1.57–1.57) | 1.57 (1.57–1.57) | 0.498 | 1.57 (1.57–1.57) | 1.57 (1.57–1.57) | 0.149 |
IL-6 | 1.26 (1.26–1.26) | 1.26 (1.26–1.26) | 1.26 (1.26–1.26) | 0.293 | 1.26 (1.26–1.26) | 1.26 (1.26–1.26) | 0.131 |
IL-17A | 1.52 (1.52–1.52) | 1.52 (1.52–1.52) | 1.52 (1.52–1.52) | 0.886 | 1.52 (1.52–1.52) | 1.52 (1.52–1.52) | 0.833 |
IFNγ | 2.18 (1.54–4.59) | 3.6 (1.54–6.78) | 3.43 (1.54–5.09) | 0.418 | 2.57 (1.54–7.88) | 1.54 (1.54–4.59) | 0.306 |
IL-7 | 1.11 (1.11–1.11) | 1.11 (1.11–3.51) | 1.11 (1.11–1.11) | 0.098 | 1.11 (1.11–2.06) | 1.11 (1.11–1.11) | 0.212 |
IL-12p40 | 1.02 (1.02–1.02) | 1.02 (1.02–1.02) | 1.02 (1.02–1.02) | 0.445 | 1.02 (1.02–1.02) | 1.02 (1.02–1.02) | 0.678 |
IL-12p70 | 1.61 (1.61–1.61) | 1.61 (1.61–2.25) | 1.61 (1.61–1.61) | 0.270 | 1.61 (1.61–1.72) | 1.61 (1.61–1.61) | 0.409 |
IL-8 | 1.6 (1.6–5.06) | 5.13 (2.37–6.68) | 3.42 (1.6–5.64) | 0.327 | 2.54 (1.6–3.85) | 1.6 (1.6–3.15) | 0.238 |
IP-10 | 589.4 (319.3–917.0) | 1033.4 (704.9–1346.6) | 885.3 (434.8–1421.9) | 0.356 | 796.4 (443.9–1304.2) | 623.7 (430.2–925.8) | 0.445 |
MCP-1 | 258.4 (179.0–307.7) | 252.9 (215.9–282.0) | 287.6 (220.3–308.6) | 0.215 | 300.1 (204.6–309.3) | 230.2 (180.3–273.6) | 0.134 |
MIP-1α | 1.63 (1.63–3.65) | 1.86 (1.63–9.43) | 1.63 (1.63–5.15) | 0.362 | 1.63 (1.63–1.63) | 1.63 (1.63–1.63) | 0.963 |
MIP-1β | 14.54 (0.99–22.23) | 27.45 (14.55–45.58) | 23.38 (11.67–35.71) | 0.334 | 13.87 (4.92–22.23) | 15.72 (0.99–22.78) | 0.689 |
IL-4 | 1.58 (1.58–1.58) | 1.58 (1.58–1.58) | 1.58 (1.58–1.58) | 0.646 | 1.58 (1.58–1.58) | 1.58 (1.58–1.58) | 0.149 |
IL-5 | 1.58 (1.58–1.58) | 1.58 (1.58–1.58) | 1.58 (1.58–1.58) | 0.214 | 1.58 (1.58–1.58) | 1.58 (1.58–1.58) | 0.888 |
IL-10 | 1.53 (1.53–1.53) | 24.55 (8.49–43.8) | 10.51 (1.53–30.27) | 0.073 | 9.84 (1.53–21.12) | 1.53 (1.53–4.3) | 0.020 |
CRP | 6.6 (0–8) | 12.3 (10.4–23.6) | 13.35 (8.35–27.05) | 0.873 | 9.2 (0–20.4) | 7.25 (0–9.2) | 0.292 |
RPR‡ | 0 (0–0) | 64 (16–128) | 128 (64–128) | 0.013 | 32 (2–64) | 64 (32–128) | 0.042 |
Delta RPR§ | NA | 4 (2–6) | 4 (3–5) | 0.713 | 2 (1–6) | 2 (2–3) | 0.551 |
Time since prior RPR (days)¶ | NA | 127 (91–156) | 160 (84–226) | 0.339 | 161 (160–275) | 178 (149–211) | 0.429 |
Seroreversion 6 months (N (%)) | NA | 5 (21.7) | 0 (0) | 0.018 | 4 (36.4) | 0 (0) | 0.006 |
Seroreversion 12 months (N (%)) | NA | 8 (53.3) | 2 (8) | 0.002 | 5 (55.6) | 1 (4.5) | 0.004 |
Serofast at 6 months (N (%)) | NA | 5 (21.7) | 0 (0) | 0.018 | 5 (45.5) | 2 (8.3) | 0.021 |
Serofast at 12 months (N (%)) | NA | 2 (9.1) | 0 (0) | 0.196 | 2 (20) | 2 (8) | 0.561 |
PCR positive (%) | 0 (0) | 14 (56.0) | 10 (34.5) | 0.170 | 2 (18.2) | 1 (3.8) | 0.205 |
Values are medians (IQR) except ‘PCR positive’ row which is N positive (%). Cyto/chemokine concentrations are expressed in pg/mL.
*p Value is depicted by ‘*’ and is for comparison with controls at baseline, *p<0.05, **p<0.005, ***p<0.0005.
†p Value is for comparison between PS and LS groups.
‡An RPR of 64 is equal to an RPR titre of 1/64.
§Delta RPR: median (IQR) RPR titre drop between baseline and 6-month visit.
¶Time in days between RPR at baseline visit and last preceding RPR result. The p value for comparing the ‘time since prior RPR' of all those with primary/secondary syphilis and all those with latent syphilis was 0.335.
CRP, C reactive protein; IFN, interferon gamma; IL, interleukin; LS, latent syphilis; MCP-1, Macrophage Chemoattractant Protein-1; MIP, macrophage inflammatory protein; PS, primary syphilis; RPR, rapid plasma reagin;