Results of estimated relative risk ratios (SE; lower, upper 95% CIs) of syphilis and HIV coinfection and monoinfection among YBMSM from the YMAP cohort (n=365), 2014–2016
| Outcome category | Syphilis-HIV coinfection | Syphilis monoinfection | HIV monoinfection | ||
| Model specification | Model 1a | Model 1b | Model 1c | Model 2 | Model 3 |
| Subgroup outcome category relative to a reference subgroup in figure 1 | Syphilis+HIV+(A) relative to syphilis−HIV+(B) | Syphilis+HIV+(A) relative to syphilis+HIV−(C) | Syphilis+HIV+(A) relative to syphilis−HIV−(D) | Syphilis+HIV−(C) relative to syphilis−HIV−(D) | Syphilis−HIV+(B) relative to syphilis−HIV−(D) |
| RR | RR of coinfection versus HIV monoinfection | RR of coinfection versus syphilis monoinfection | RR of coinfection versus neither infection | RR of syphilis monoinfection versus neither infection | RR of HIV monoinfection versus neither infection |
| Age | 1.06 (0.10; 0.88, 1.28) | 1.08 (0.12; 0.86, 1.35) | 1.06 (0.10; 0.89, 1.27) | 0.98 (0.10; 0.82, 1.19) | 1.00 (0.08; 0.86, 1.16) |
| Education (high school or less) | 0.19** (0.10; 0.07, 0.55) | 1.23 (0.82; 0.33, 4.51) | 0.38* (0.17; 0.15, 0.93) | 0.31* (0.18; 0.10, 0.94) | 1.95 (0.87; 0.82, 4.67) |
| Lifetime housing instability | 2.42 (1.43; 0.76, 7.72) | 1.52 (1.03; 0.40, 5.73) | 2.91*(1.55; 1.03 to 8.24) | 1.92 (1.14; 0.59, 6.17) | 1.20 (0.60; 0.45, 3.18) |
| Sex partners (prior 6 months) | 1.90† (0.64; 0.98, 3.68) | 1.70 (0.62; 0.83, 3.49) | 1.06 (0.26; 0.66, 1.71) | 0.63 (0.23; 0.30, 1.29) | 0.56† (0.18; 0.30, 1.05) |
| Sex partners with drug use | 0.92 (0.21; 0.60, 1.43) | 2.46† (1.30; 0.88, 6.92) | 1.13 (0.25; 0.73, 1.75) | 0.46 (0.24; 0.16, 1.30) | 1.22 (0.25; 0.82, 1.82) |
| Number of condomless bottom partners | 0.99 (0.41; 0.44, 2.25) | 1.15 (0.53; 0.46, 2.83) | 0.65 (0.22; 0.34, 1.25) | 0.57 (0.25; 0.24, 1.35) | 0.65 (0.22; 0.33, 1.28) |
| Number of condomless top partners | 0.71 (0.21; 0.39, 1.28) | 0.75 (0.28; 0.36, 1.54) | 1.46 (0.45; 0.79, 2.68) | 1.95† (0.69; 0.97, 3.90) | 2.06* (0.63; 1.13, 3.74) |
| Syphilis-infected network member(s) | 2.94† (1.90; 0.83, 10.46) | 2.47 (1.65; 0.67, 9.12) | 2.97* (1.60; 1.03, 8.52) | 1.20 (0.69; 0.39, 3.71) | 1.01 (0.57; 0.33, 3.04) |
| HIV-infected network member (s) | 4.38* (2.79; 1.25, 15.27) | 2.44 (1.61; 0.66, 8.95) | 2.73** (2.64; 1.58, 14.14) | 1.94 (1.16; 0.60, 6.24) | 1.08 (0.64; 0.34, 3.44) |
| Syphilis-HIV coinfected member(s) | 3.70* (2.45; 1.01, 13.53) | 6.15* (4.42; 1.50, 25.13) | 4.48** (2.44; 1.54, 13.04) | 0.73 (0.50; 0.19, 2.80) | 1.21 (0.74; 037, 3.99) |
| Number of health venues attended | 0.94 (0.14; 0.70, 1.26) | 1.08 (0.19; 0.77, 1.52) | 0.83 (0.11; 0.64, 1.08) | 0.77† (0.11; 0.58, 1.01) | 0.88 (0.10; 0.71, 1.10) |
| Number of social venues attended | 1.07 (0.11; 0.87, 1.32) | 0.92 (0.09; 0.75, 1.12) | 1.10 (0.09; 0.93, 1.30) | 1.19* (0.10; 1.02, 1.40) | 1.02 (0.09; 0.87, 1.21) |
*P<0.05; **P<0.01; †P<0.01 for two-tailed test. Parentheses indicate SEs. The variable of city was controlled. Active syphilis infection is defined as having an RPR of 1:4 or greater. The results are based on analyses with RDS adjustments. The results of sociodemographic, behavioural and venue attendance variables are based on models that include a network variable of having coinfected member(s).
RDS, respondent-driven sampling; RPR, rapid plasma reagin; RR, relative risk; YBMSM, young Black men who have sex with men; YMAP, Young Men’s Affiliation Project.