Table 1

Summary of studies

Authors, year and country	Study population	No of participants/no of HIV seroconversions	HIV detection method	TV detection method	Main finding
Delany-Moretlwe et al, 16 2011, South Africa	HIV-negative women	2451/110	Not stated	Not stated	Baseline TV+ more likely to seroconvert compared with TV−. IRR 2.3 (95% CI 1.1 to 4.9).
Ghys et al, 17 2001, Ivory Coast	FSW HIV negative	284/26	ELISA+WB	Wet prep	TV+ women more likely to seroconvert than TV−. aRR* 2.8 (95% CI 1.3 to 6.2).
Hester and Kennedy,18, 2003, Zambia	Women (serodiscordant couples)	90/45	Dot-WB	Wet prep	HIV acquisition among TV+ women at baseline compared with TV− women at baseline. OR 0.35 (95% CI 0.16 to 0.76).
Kinuthia et al, 19 2015, Kenya	Women at a prenatal clinic	1304/25	NAATs	Wet prep	HIV acquisition for women with TV. aHR 1.14 (95% CI 0.16 to 8.16).
Kleinschmidt et al, 14 2007, South Africa	Women attending FP clinics	551/23	HIV rapid test	Culture (Daimonds)	TV+ women more likely to acquire HIV-1 than TV− women. aHR 4.79 (95% CI 1.01 to 22.78).
Laga et al,3 1993, Democratic Republic of Congo	FSW HIV negative	431/68	EIA+WB	Wet prep	TV+ women more likely to seroconvert than TV− women. AOR 1.9 (95% CI 0.9 to 4.1).
Laga et al,20 1994, Democratic Republic of Congo	FSW HIV negative	531/70	EIA+WB	Wet prep	TV+ women more likely to seroconvert than TV− women. RR 1.7 (95% CI 1.1 to 2.8).
Martin et al,21 1998, Kenya	FSW HIV negative	799/111	EIA	Wet prep	HIV acquisition for FSW with TV. aHR 1.2 (95% CI 0.7 to 2.2)
Masese et al,22 2015, Kenya	FSW HIV negative	1964/325	EIA	Wet prep	HIV acquisition for FSW with TV. aHR 1.41 (95% CI 0.99 to 2.02).
Mavedzenge et al,23 2010, Zimbabwe and South Africa	Women (general population)	4948/309	HIV rapid, EIA	NAATs	HIV acquisition with those with TV. aHR 2.05 (95% CI 1.05 to 4.02)
McClelland et al,24 2005, Kenya	FSW	1215/238	EIA	Wet prep	HIV acquisition for FSW with TV. HR 1.3 (95% CI 1.0 to 1.7).
McClelland et al,25 2007, Kenya	FSWs HIV-1–seronegative	1335/261	EIA	Wet prep	HIV acquisition for FSW with TV. aHR 1.52 (95% CI 1.04 to 2.24).
Myer et al,26 2006, South Africa	Women (general population)	3570/85	Abbott HIV 1/2 Kit	Wet prep	Baseline TV +women more likely to seroconvert than TV− women. cHR 1.84 (95% CI 1.02 to 3.32).
Nagot et al,27 2005, Burkina Faso	FSW	377/19	EIA	Wet prep	HIV acquisition for FSW with TV. HR 0.71 (95% CI 0.22 to 2.29).
Quinn et al,28 2000, Uganda	Serodiscodant couples	414/90	EIA+WB	Culture (InPouch)	HIV acquisition when a person has TV. aRR* 1.27 (95% CI 0.65 to 2.35).
Taha et al,29 1998, Malawi	HIV-negative postnatal women	1196/124	EIA+WB	Wet prep	TV+ women more likely to seroconvert than TV– women. aRR 1.38 (95% CI 0.75 to 2.56).
Van De Wijgert et al,30 2009, Zimbabwe and Uganda	Women at FP and mother–child health clinics	4439/189	ELISA, confirmed by rapid test or PCR or WB	Wet prep	TV associated with HIV if it is detected in current and previous visit to HIV seroconversion. aHR 1.53 (95% CI 0.21 to 11.01).
Van Der Pol et al,13 2008, Uganda and Zimbambwe	FP clinic and FSW HIV−	4531/213	NAATs	Wet prep and NAATs	TV+ women at previous visit were more likely to seroconvert than women without TV. AOR 2.74 (95% CI 1.25 to 6.00) FP &FSW AOR 3.3 (95% CI 1.36 to 7.85) FP only.
Vandepitte et al,31 2013, Uganda	FSW	646/42	HIV rapid, confirmed by ELISA	Culture	TV increase likelihood of HIV acquisition with aHR 2.72 (95% CI 1.27 to 5.84).

All studies were cohort studies, except Hester & Kennedy18 (2003) and Laga et al.3 (1993), which were nested case-control studies. Studies are arranged alphabetically according to the name of the first author and then year of publication.
aHR, adjusted HR; AOR, adjusted OR; aRR*, adjusted rate ratio; ARR, adjusted risk ratio; cHR, crude hazard ratio; EIA, enzyme immunoassay; FP, family planning; FSW, female sex workers; IRR, independent risk ratio; NAATs, Nnucleic acid amplification tests; TV, Trichomonas vaginalis; WB, western blot.