Table 1

Univariate and multivariate logistic modelling of factors associated with STIs and HIV

Variable	STI (excluding HIV)				HIV
	Univariate		Multivariate
	OR	P values	OR	P values
Age
Per year	1.08 (1.02 to 1.14)	0.010	1.06 (0.10 to 1.13)	0.056	1.11 (1.03 to 1.20)	0.003	1.11 (1.03 to 1.20)	0.005
Education
None/primary	1.0	0.105*			1.0	0.250*
Secondary	0.60 (0.32 to 1.16)	0.116			0.49 (0.20 to 1.34)	0.133
University	0.39 (0.15 to 0.94)	0.042			0.36 (0.08 to 1.34)	0.146
Marital status
Unmarried	1.0	0.611*			1.0	0.320*
Cohabiting with man	1.50 (0.79 to 2.74)	0.199			2.23 (0.87 to 5.30)	0.077
Single	1.27 (0.19 to 4.84)	0.762			1.91 (0.10 to 1.06)	0.546
Married to woman†	1.90 (0.10 to 1.32)	0.570			N/A	N/A
Number of sex partners
1	1.0	0.072*	1.0		1.0	0.435*
2	1.15 (0.51 to 2.49)	0.726	1.05 (0.45 to 2.38)	0.903	1.32 (0.33 to 4.73)	0.674
3	0.93 (0.37 to 2.14)	0.861	0.60 (0.24 to 1.47)	0.282	1.5 (0.38 to 5.39)	0.539
>3	2.12 (1.13 to 4.04)	0.020	1.30 (0.65 to 2.62)	0.459	2.33 (0.84 to 6.99)	0.111
Timing of last sex act
Within the last week	1.0	0.739*			1.0	0.147*
<1 month	0.69 (0.36 to 1.27)	0.238			0.51 (0.18 to 1.26)	0.164
1–3 months ago	0.72 (0.28 to 1.62)	0.448			0.21 (0.01 to 1.05)	0.131
3–6 months ago	0.91 (0.30 to 2.32)	0.854			0.36 (0.02 to 1.87)	0.333
6–12 months ago	1.25 (0.28 to 4.08)	0.740			N/A	N/A
Type of sex
Anal	2.25 (0.79 to 9.48)	0.186			N/A	N/A
Vaginal	1.19 (0.53 to 2.45)	0.650			1.04 (0.24 to 3.13)	0.954
Oral	1.26 (0.67 to 2.22)	0.472			0.89 (0.29 to 2.28)	0.826
Masturbation	0.99 (0.46 to 1.96)	0.977			0.77 (0.18 to 2.30)	0.677
Previous HIV test
Yes (vs no)	1.04 (0.57 to 1.98)	0.913			0.50 (0.21 to 1.21)	0.107
Current HIV status (excluded from multivariate)
HIV+	4.54 (1.83 to 10.17)	0.0007			N/A	N/A
Condom use
Yes (vs no)	1.10 (0.58 to 2.23)	0.791			1.24 (0.46 to 4.33)	0.704
Frequency of condom use
Never	1.0	0.030*	1.0		1.0	0.077*
Sometimes	1.53 (0.78 to 3.20)	0.238	1.38 (0.67 to 2.99)	0.400	1.86 (0.65 to 6.65)	0.284
Every time	0.69 (0.32 to 1.53)	0.343	0.81 (0.36 to 1.87)	0.606	0.62 (0.16 to 2.55)	0.481
Condom initiation
None	1.0	0.33*			1.0	0.696*
Partner	0.92 (0.32 to 2.42)	0.863			0.79 (0.11 to 4.16)	0.786
Self	1.14 (0.6 to 2.35)	0.698			1.337 (0.485 to 4.713)	0.607
Employed?
Yes (vs no)	1.81 (1.07 to 3.1)	0.028	1.56 (0.89 to 2.76)	0.121	2.01 (0.88 to 4.74)	0.098	1.55 (0.66 to 3.73)	0.317
Monthly income
<10 000	1.0	0.160*			1.0	0.190*
10 000–50 000	1.43 (0.61 to 3.11)	0.383			2.40 (0.72 to 7.19)	0.129
50 000–100 000	1.95 (1.06 to 3.56)	0.029			1.41 (0.47 to 4.01)	0.520
>100 000	1.82 (0.64 to 4.50)	0.225			3.65 (0.95 to 11.93)	0.040
Being paid for sex
Yes (vs no)	3.90 (2.21 to 7.19)	5.13×10^–6	3.36 (1.82 to 6.44)	0.0002	2.98 (1.26 to 7.83)	0.017	3.13 (1.20 to 8.43)	0.015
Frequency of being paid for sex (paid for sex used in multivariate instead)
Never	1.0	1.23×10^–5			1.0	0.123*
Once per year	1.71 (0.47 to 4.93)	0.360			3.14 (0.66 to 1.87)	0.108
Twice per year	4.82 (1.97 to 11.34)	0.000369			4.08 (1.03 to 4.17)	0.031
Three times per year	3.23 (1.24 to 7.82)	0.011			1.75 (0.26 to 7.55)	0.492
>3 times per year	4.80 (2.50 to 9.43)	3.28×10^–6			3.05 (1.07 to 8.90)	0.036
Alcohol use (self)
Yes (vs no)	1.30 (0.73 to 2.39)	0.390			2.3 (0.85 to 7.99)	0.136
Alcohol use (partner)
Yes (vs no)	1.45 (0.79 to 2.87)	0.255			1.34 (0.53 to 4.10)	0.570
Drug use (self)
Yes (vs no)	1.02 (0.34 to 2.51)	0.964			1.81 (0.41 to 5.59)	0.354
Drug use (partner)
Yes (vs no)	0.96 (0.32 to 2.34)	0.934			1.71 (0.39 to 5.25)	0.404
Inject drugs?
Yes (vs no)	5.23 (1.01 to 24.24)	0.033	2.90 (0.50 to 15.41)	0.209	3.41 (0.18 to 21.15)	0.265

*Overall p values.
†Men who have sex with men who are married to women.
N/A: Not applicable