Demographics of study participants
| Demographic variables | ||
| Age, in years | Mean ( SD ) * | Median (range) |
| 49.7 (12.1) | 52 (23–70) | |
| n | % | |
| Sex† | ||
| Female | 104 | 53.3 |
| Male | 91 | 46.7 |
| Education attained | ||
| Primary | 22 | 11.1 |
| Secondary | 80 | 40.2 |
| Pretertiary‡ | 57 | 28.6 |
| University | 40 | 20.1 |
| Ethnicity | ||
| Chinese | 92 | 46.2 |
| Malay | 62 | 31.2 |
| Indian | 40 | 20.1 |
| Others | 5 | 2.5 |
| Housing§ | ||
| 1–3 rooms | 36 | 18.1 |
| 4+ rooms | 146 | 73.4 |
| Private | 17 | 8.5 |
*SD denotes the sample standard deviation.
†Four participants did not indicate their sex.
‡Pretertiary education represents education attained at junior/preuniversity/vocational colleges and polytechnics.
§Housing was used as a proxy for socioeconomic status. The majority of Singaporeans live in public housing (1–3 rooms and 4+ rooms). Private housing refers to condominiums and landed properties.