Social and behavioural characteristics and HIV prevalence among Chinese MSM (n=1365)
| Variables | Total | Rectal douching in the past 6 months | Without rectal douching in the past 6 months | P value* |
| (=545) | (=820) | |||
| N (%) | N (%) | |||
| Age (years) | ||||
| ≥25 | 701 | 305 (56.0) | 399 (48.7) | 0.008 |
| <25 | 664 | 240 (44.0) | 421 (51.3) | |
| Monthly income (US$) | ||||
| <300 | 460 | 153 (28.1) | 307 (37.4) | 0.002 |
| 300–900 | 568 | 246 (45.1) | 322 (39.3) | |
| >900 | 337 | 146 (26.8) | 191 (23.3) | |
| Occupation | ||||
| Full-time employment | 783 | 341 (62.6) | 442 (53.9) | 0.002 |
| Unemployed/retired/ students/others | 582 | 204 (37.4) | 378 (46.1) | |
| Education | ||||
| Junior school or below | 55 | 25 (4.6) | 30 (3.7) | 0.488 |
| High school | 386 | 160 (29.4) | 226 (27.6) | |
| College or above | 924 | 360 (66.0) | 564 (68.7) | |
| Sexual orientation | ||||
| Homosexual | 968 | 431 (79.1) | 537 (65.5) | <0.001 |
| Other | 397 | 114 (20.9) | 283 (34.5) | |
| Predominant sexual role during AI in the past 6 months† | ||||
| Top | 420 | 54 (10.4) | 366 (53.1) | <0.001 |
| Versatile | 360 | 196 (37.8) | 164 (23.8) | |
| Bottom | 427 | 268 (51.7) | 159 (23.1) | |
| Primary venue for seeking male sexual partners | ||||
| Internet apps | 1165 | 478 (87.7) | 687 (83.8) | 0.045 |
| Non-internet apps | 200 | 67 (12.3) | 133 (16.2) | |
| No of male sexual partners in the past 6 months | ||||
| ≥2 | 820 | 371 (68.1) | 449 (54.8) | <0.001 |
| 0–1 | 545 | 174 (31.9) | 371 (45.2) | |
| CAI in the past 6 months | ||||
| Yes | 588 | 253 (46.4) | 335 (40.9) | 0.042 |
| No | 777 | 292 (53.6) | 485 (59.1) | |
| Rectal bleeding in the past 6 months | ||||
| Yes | 466 | 236 (43.3) | 230 (28.0) | <0.001 |
| No | 899 | 309 (56.7) | 590 (72.0) | |
| Recreational drug use in the past 6 months | ||||
| Yes | 464 | 273 (50.1) | 191 (23.3) | <0.001 |
| No | 901 | 272 (49.9) | 629 (76.7) | |
| Lifetime HIV testing history before | ||||
| Yes | 1011 | 439 (80.6) | 572 (69.8) | <0.001 |
| No | 354 | 106 (19.4) | 248 (30.2) | |
| Average HIV test interval‡ | ||||
| ≤6 months | 484 | 237 (54.0) | 247 (43.2) | 0.001 |
| 6–12 months | 229 | 97 (22.1) | 132 (23.1) | |
| ≥12 months or interval is not fixed | 298 | 105 (23.9) | 193 (33.7) | |
| HIV status | ||||
| HIV self-testing positive | 46 | 26 (4.8) | 20 (2.4) | 0.019 |
| HIV self-testing negative | 1319 | 519 (95.2) | 800 (97.6) | |
Recreational drug use: psychoactive drug to alter one's mental state in a way that modifies emotions, perceptions and feelings for recreational purposes, including rush poppers, methamphetamine, amphetamine, tramadol, cocaine, ketamine and ecstasy.
*Unadjusted p values calculated by the χ2 test.
†There were 158 participants who had no anal intercourse in the past 6 months.
‡There were 354 participants who had not tested for HIV previously.
AI, anal intercourse; CAI, condomless anal intercourse; MSM, men who have sex with men.