Table 1

Characteristics of study participants and association with endometrial infection with one or more novel BV-associated organisms in the PEACH study

CharacteristicTotal
n=535
N (%)
Positive *
n=358
%
Negative
n=177
%
RR (95% CI)
Demographic
Age
 <25 years350 (65.4)65.964.41.02 (0.90 to 1.16)
 ≥25 years185 (34.6)34.135.6Ref.
Race/ethnicity
 African-American374 (69.9)77.155.41.45 (1.23 to 1.71)†
 Caucasian/Hispanic/Other161 (30.1)22.944.6Ref.
Marital status
 Unmarried439 (88.2)91.681.31.46 (1.11 to 1.92)†
 Married59 (11.8)8.418.7Ref.
Education
 <High school205 (38.3)43.328.21.23 (1.09 to 1.38)†
 ≥High school330 (61.7)56.771.8Ref.
Sexual health
Sexually active in past 4 weeks
 Yes449 (83.9)83.285.30.95 (0.82 to 1.11)
 No86 (16.1)16.814.7Ref.
≥2 Life time sexual partners
 Yes45 (8.4)8.77.91.03 (0.84 to 1.27)
 No490 (91.6)91.392.1Ref.
New sexual partner in last month
 Yes57 (10.7)12.37.31.18 (1.01 to 1.37)†
 No478 (89.3)87.792.7Ref.
History of STI
 Yes318 (60.5)60.161.10.99 (0.87 to 1.11)
 No208 (39.5)39.938.9Ref.
History of BV
 Yes125 (24.0)24.423.11.02 (0.89 to 1.18)
 No396 (76.0)75.676.9Ref.
History of PID
 Yes163 (30.7)30.431.40.98 (0.86 to 1.12)
 No367 (69.3)69.668.6Ref.
Recent hormonal contraception use
 Yes98 (21.8)20.524.50.92 (0.78 to 1.09)
 No351 (78.2)79.575.5Ref.
Rare/occasional condom use§
 Yes318 (70.8)71.569.51.03 (0.89 to 1.20)
 No131 (29.2)28.530.5Ref.
Consistent condom use
 Yes58 (12.9)12.413.90.96 (0.78 to 1.17)
 No391 (87.1)87.686.1Ref.
History of oral sex
 Yes121 (24.2)21.928.60.88 (0.75 to 1.03)
 No380 (75.8)78.171.4Ref.
History of anal sex
 Yes18 (3.4)4.21.71.26 (1.01 to 1.56)†
 No517 (96.6)95.898.3Ref.
Age at sexual debut
 ≤15 years277 (52.0)53.149.7Ref.
 >15 years256 (48.0)46.950.30.96 (0.85 to 1.08)
Risky sexual behaviour**
 Yes404 (90.0)90.688.71.07 (0.85 to 1.36)
 No45 (10.0)9.411.3Ref.
Behavioural
Vaginal douche ≥2 times in past month
 Yes100 (18.8)21.912.41.21 (1.07 to 1.38)†
 No433 (81.2)78.187.6Ref.
Illicit drug use
 Yes143 (26.928.224.31.07 (0.94 to 1.21)
 No389 (73.1)71.875.7Ref.
Current tobacco smoker
 Yes228 (42.8)45.237.81.10 (0.98 to 1.24)
 No305 (57.2)54.862.2Ref.
Alcohol use
 Yes290 (54.4)52.558.20.93 (0.82 to 1.04)
 No243 (45.6)47.541.8Ref.
Alcohol drinks per week
 >7 drinks59 (11.1)12.97.31.19 (1.03 to 1.39)†
 ≤7 drinks474 (88.9)87.192.7Ref.
Risky social behaviour††
 Yes270 (50.7)52.846.31.09 (0.97 to 1.23)
 No263 (49.3)47.253.7Ref.
  • Missing observations: marital status, n=37; history of STI, n=9; history of BV, n=14; history of PID, n=5; hormonal contraception use, n=86; condom use, n=86; oral sex, n=34; age at sexual debut, n=2; risky sexual behaviour, n=86; vaginal douching, n=2; drug use, n=3; smoking, n=2, alcohol use, n=2; risky social behaviour, n=2.

  • *Tested positive for Atopobium vaginae, BVAB1, Sneathia amnionii, or Sneathia sanguinegens.

  • †P value<0.05.

  • ‡History of N. gonorrhoeae, C. trachomatis, or Trichonomas vaginalis.

  • §Condoms used 0 to 5 out of 10 sexual encounters.

  • ¶Condoms used 10 out of 10 sexual encounters.

  • **≥2 sexual partners, new sexual partner in the last month, inconsistent condom use.

  • ††Current tobacco smoker, >7 alcohol drinks per week, illicit drug use.

  • BV, bacterial vaginosis; PEACH, PID Evaluation and Clinical Health; PID, pelvic inflammatory disease; STI, sexually transmitted infection.