Table 3

Binary logistic regression analyses for the relationship between awareness of U=U and health outcomes among the entire study population, Positive Perspectives Study, 2019 (n=2389)

OutcomesCategories of predictor variableCrude analysesAdjusted analyses*
OR (95% CI)P valueOR (95% CI)P value
Self-reported viral suppressionCompletely unaware of U=U1.00 (referent)1.00 (referent)
Aware from non-HCP sources2.45 (1.80 to 3.33)<0.0012.10 (1.45 to 3.02)<0.001
Informed by HCP2.55 (1.97 to 3.30)<0.0012.34 (1.72 to 3.20)<0.001
Suboptimal adherenceCompletely unaware of U=U1.00 (referent)1.00 (referent)
Aware from non-HCP sources0.74 (0.54 to 0.99)0.0490.94 (0.68 to 1.30)0.699
Informed by HCP0.46 (0.35 to 0.60)<0.0010.59 (0.44 to 0.78)<0.001
Optimal overall healthCompletely unaware of U=U1.00 (referent)1.00 (referent)
Aware from non-HCP sources1.52 (1.14 to 2.03)0.0041.51 (1.12 to 2.03)0.007
Informed by HCP1.93 (1.51 to 2.49)<0.0011.94 (1.49 to 2.51)<0.001
Optimal mental healthCompletely unaware of U=U1.00 (referent)1.00 (referent)
Aware from non-HCP sources1.88 (1.40 to 2.51)<0.0011.79 (1.32 to 2.43)<0.001
Informed by HCP2.70 (2.09 to 3.48)<0.0012.50 (1.91 to 3.26)<0.001
Optimal physical healthCompletely unaware of U=U1.00 (referent)1.00 (referent)
Aware from non-HCP sources1.55 (1.16 to 2.07)0.0031.44 (1.07 to 1.94)0.018
Informed by HCP2.16 (1.68 to 2.77)<0.0011.95 (1.50 to 2.54)<0.001
Optimal sexual healthCompletely unaware of U=U1.00 (referent)1.00 (referent)
Aware from non-HCP sources1.15 (0.86 to 1.53)0.3581.13 (0.83 to 1.53)0.441
Informed by HCP1.50 (1.17 to 1.93)0.0011.48 (1.14 to 1.92)0.004
Comfortable sharing
HIV status		Completely unaware of U=U1.00 (referent)1.00 (referent)
Aware from non-HCP sources1.48 (1.05 to 2.10)0.0271.58 (1.10 to 2.26)0.013
Informed by HCP1.99 (1.47 to 2.70)<0.0012.15 (1.57 to 2.95)<0.001
Always share HIV statusCompletely unaware of U=U1.00 (referent)1.00 (referent)
Aware from non-HCP sources2.11 (0.95 to 4.70)0.0672.10 (0.93 to 4.77)0.075
Informed by HCP3.13 (1.51 to 6.46)0.0022.99 (1.42 to 6.28)0.004
Shared HIV status with others besides HIV care providerCompletely unaware of U=U1.00 (referent)1.00 (referent)
Aware from non-HCP sources2.00 (1.36 to 2.96)<0.0011.67 (1.11 to 2.52)0.014
Informed by HCP2.06 (1.50 to 2.84)<0.0011.74 (1.24 to 2.45)0.001
Ever disguised/hid HIV medicines in past 6 monthsCompletely unaware of U=U1.00 (referent)1.00 (referent)
Aware from non-HCP sources0.77 (0.57 to 1.05)0.0980.87 (0.63 to 1.21)0.417
Informed by HCP0.60 (0.46 to 0.78)<0.0010.65 (0.49 to 0.86)0.003
Comfortable discussing privacy issues with HCPCompletely unaware of U=U1.00 (referent)1.00 (referent)
Aware from non-HCP sources1.57 (1.17 to 2.11)0.0031.41 (1.04 to 1.91)0.029
Informed by HCP2.51 (1.94 to 3.25)<0.0012.50 (1.91 to 3.28)<0.001
Comfortable discussing concerns about transmission with HCPCompletely unaware of U=U1.00 (referent)1.00 (referent)
Aware from non-HCP sources2.18 (1.62 to 2.93)<0.0011.93 (1.42 to 2.62)<0.001
Informed by HCP3.37 (2.60 to 4.37)<0.0013.27 (2.49 to 4.29)<0.001
Missed ART for ≥5 times in past month because of privacy concernsCompletely unaware of U=U1.00 (referent)1.00 (referent)
Aware from non-HCP sources0.61 (0.35 to 1.06)0.0800.83 (0.47 to 1.48)0.533
Informed by HCP0.32 (0.20 to 0.53)<0.0010.41 (0.25 to 0.69)0.001

  • *Adjusted for ethnicity, region, age, sexual orientation, diagnosis year, domicile and education.

  • ART, antiretroviral therapy; HCP, healthcare provider; U=U, undetectable equals untransmittable.