Overall n=244 | HIV-infected n=103 | HIV-uninfected n=141 | P value* | ||||
n | % | n | % | n | % | ||
Age (years) | 0.289 | ||||||
<36 | 79 | 32.4 | 28 | 27.2 | 51 | 36.2 | |
36–46 | 85 | 34.8 | 37 | 35.9 | 48 | 34.0 | |
>46 | 80 | 32.8 | 38 | 36.9 | 42 | 29.8 | |
Education | 0.024 | ||||||
Undergraduate | 131 | 53.7 | 64 | 62.1 | 67 | 47.5 | |
Postgraduate | 113 | 46.3 | 39 | 37.9 | 74 | 52.5 | |
Annual income (euros) | 0.27 | ||||||
<12 000 | 94 | 38.5 | 36 | 35.0 | 58 | 41.1 | |
12 000–24 000 | 121 | 49.6 | 51 | 49.5 | 70 | 49.7 | |
>24 000 | 29 | 11.9 | 16 | 15.5 | 13 | 9.2 | |
Smoking status | 0.173 | ||||||
Current smoker | 95 | 38.9 | 46 | 44.7 | 49 | 34.8 | |
Former smoker | 35 | 14.3 | 16 | 15.5 | 19 | 13.5 | |
Non-smoker | 114 | 46.8 | 41 | 39.8 | 73 | 51.7 | |
Alcohol consumption | 0.463 | ||||||
Heavy | 5 | 2.0 | 1 | 1.0 | 4 | 2.8 | |
Light/moderate | 78 | 32.0 | 31 | 30.1 | 47 | 33.4 | |
No | 161 | 66.0 | 71 | 68.9 | 90 | 63.8 | |
Number of lifetime partners (any sex) | 0.544 | ||||||
<50 | 78 | 32.0 | 30 | 29.1 | 48 | 34.0 | |
50–100 | 69 | 28.3 | 28 | 27.2 | 41 | 29.1 | |
>100 | 97 | 39.7 | 45 | 43.7 | 52 | 36.9 | |
Number of recent partners (any sex)† | <0.0001 | ||||||
<3 | 81 | 33.2 | 55 | 53.4 | 26 | 18.4 | |
3–8 | 81 | 33.2 | 23 | 22.3 | 58 | 41.2 | |
>8 | 82 | 33.6 | 25 | 24.3 | 57 | 40.4 | |
Occasional partners (any sex) | <0.0001 | ||||||
No | 32 | 13.1 | 25 | 24.3 | 7 | 5.0 | |
Yes | 212 | 86.9 | 78 | 75.7 | 134 | 95.0 | |
Number of lifetime partners (receptive oral sex) | 0.092 | ||||||
<50 | 107 | 43.8 | 37 | 35.9 | 70 | 49.7 | |
50–100 | 69 | 28.3 | 32 | 31.1 | 37 | 26.2 | |
>100 | 68 | 27.9 | 34 | 33.0 | 34 | 24.1 | |
Recent receptive oral sex† | 0.010 | ||||||
No | 22 | 9.0 | 15 | 14.6 | 7 | 5.0 | |
Yes | 222 | 91.0 | 88 | 85.4 | 134 | 95.0 | |
Number of recent partners (receptive oral sex)‡ | 0.003 | ||||||
<3 | 84 | 37.8 | 45 | 51.1 | 39 | 29.1 | |
3–8 | 81 | 36.5 | 27 | 30.7 | 54 | 40.3 | |
>8 | 57 | 25.7 | 16 | 18.2 | 41 | 30.6 | |
Occasional partners for recent receptive oral sex‡ | <0.001 | ||||||
No | 37 | 16.7 | 24 | 27.3 | 13 | 9.7 | |
Yes | 185 | 83.3 | 64 | 72.7 | 121 | 90.3 | |
Condom use during recent receptive oral sex‡ | 0.171 | ||||||
Always | 8 | 3.6 | 5 | 5.7 | 3 | 2.2 | |
Not always | 214 | 96.4 | 83 | 94.3 | 131 | 97.8 | |
STI history§ | 0.008 | ||||||
No | 64 | 26.2 | 18 | 17.5 | 46 | 32.6 | |
Yes | 180 | 73.8 | 85 | 82.5 | 95 | 67.4 | |
Anogenital wart history§ | 0.263 | ||||||
No | 159 | 65.2 | 63 | 61.2 | 96 | 68.1 | |
Yes | 85 | 34.8 | 40 | 38.8 | 45 | 31.9 | |
Tonsillectomy | 0.316 | ||||||
No | 194 | 79.1 | 85 | 82.5 | 109 | 77.3 | |
Yes | 50 | 20.9 | 18 | 17.5 | 33 | 22.7 | |
Oral care/condition¶ | 0.332 | ||||||
Good | 183 | 75.0 | 74 | 71.8 | 109 | 77.3 | |
Poor | 61 | 25.0 | 29 | 28.2 | 32 | 22.7 | |
Oral health/hygiene** | 0.066 | ||||||
Good/very good | 130 | 53.3 | 46 | 44.6 | 84 | 59.6 | |
Fair/poor/very poor | 105 | 43.0 | 52 | 50.5 | 53 | 37.6 | |
Missing | 9 | 3.7 | 5 | 4.9 | 4 | 2.8 |
p values for significant differences between the two study groups are indicated in bold.
*χ2 test for the comparison between HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected MSM.
†During the 6 months previous the enrolment.
‡For the subjects who reported receptive oral sex in the previous 6 months.
§Diagnosed at least 6 months prior to enrolment (anogenital warts, syphilis, gonorrhoeae in any site, genital herpes and chlamydia)
¶Self-reported and classified on the basis of the answers to six questions concerning oral care and conditions, as specified in the Methods section and in online supplementary appendix 1.
**Ascertained by the otolaryngologist during a full examination of the oral cavity, as detailed in the Methods section and in online supplementary appendix 1.