Sociodemographic, HIV acquisition and sexual health characteristics of individuals diagnosed with HIV: comparisons made by timing of HIV diagnosis
| Cohort divided by timing of HIV diagnosis | ||||||||||
| All diagnosed | Pre-PrEP period | PrEP period | P value* | |||||||
| n | % | CI | n | % | CI | n | % | CI | ||
| Total in cohort | 615 | 418 | 197 | |||||||
| Patient demographics | ||||||||||
| Gender | 0.005 | |||||||||
| Male | 484 | 78.7 | 75.3% to 81.8% | 342 | 81.8 | 77.8% to 85.2% | 142 | 72.1 | 65.4% to 77.9% | 0.005 |
| Female | 131 | 21.3 | 18.2% to 24.7% | 76 | 18.2 | 14.8% to 22.2% | 55 | 27.9 | 22.1% to 34.6% | 0.005 |
| Age in years | 0.437 | |||||||||
| <20 | 13 | 2.1 | 1.2% to 3.6% | 7 | 1.7 | 0.8% to 3.4% | 6 | 3.0 | 1.4% to 6.5% | – |
| 20–29 | 138 | 22.4 | 19.3% to 25.9% | 98 | 23.4 | 19.6% to 27.7% | 40 | 20.3 | 15.3% to 26.5% | – |
| 30–39 | 193 | 31.4 | 27.8% to 35.2% | 137 | 32.8 | 28.4% to 37.4% | 56 | 28.4 | 22.6% to 35.1% | – |
| 40–49 | 143 | 23.3 | 20.1% to 26.8% | 92 | 22.0 | 18.3% to 26.2% | 51 | 25.9 | 20.3% to 32.4% | – |
| >50 | 128 | 20.8 | 17.8% to 24.2% | 84 | 20.1 | 16.5% to 24.2% | 44 | 22.3 | 17.1% to 28.6% | – |
| Ethnicity | 0.002† | |||||||||
| White British | 453 | 73.7 | 70.0% to 77.0% | 327 | 78.2 | 74.0% to 81.9% | 126 | 64.0 | 57.0% to 70.3% | <0.001 |
| White other | 48 | 7.8 | 5.9% to 10.2% | 36 | 8.6 | 6.3% to 11.7% | 12 | 6.1 | 3.5% to 10.3% | – |
| Black African | 67 | 10.9 | 8.7% to 13.6% | 34 | 8.1 | 5.9% to 11.2% | 33 | 16.8 | 12.2% to 22.6% | <0.001 |
| Any other ethnicity | 33 | 5.4 | 3.8% to 7.4% | 20 | 4.8 | 3.1% to 7.3% | 13 | 6.6 | 3.9% to 11.0% | – |
| Not known | 14 | 2.3 | 1.4% to 3.8% | 1 | 0.2 | 0.0% to 1.3% | 13 | 6.6 | 3.9% to 11.0% | – |
| Area of residence | 0.536 | |||||||||
| Urban health board (contains city with population >100 000) | 449 | 73.0 | 69.4% to 76.4% | 302 | 72.2 | 67.8% to 76.3% | 147 | 74.6 | 68.1% to 80.2% | – |
| Rural health board | 166 | 27.0 | 23.6% to 30.6% | 116 | 27.8 | 23.7% to 32.2% | 50 | 25.4 | 19.8% to 31.9% | – |
| Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation | 0.310† | |||||||||
| 1 (most deprived) | 219 | 35.6 | 31.9% to 39.5% | 141 | 33.7 | 29.4% to 38.4% | 78 | 39.6 | 33.0% to 46.6% | – |
| 2 | 123 | 20.0 | 17.0% to 23.3% | 82 | 19.6 | 16.1% to 23.7% | 41 | 20.8 | 15.7% to 27.0% | – |
| 3 | 92 | 15.0 | 12.4% to 18.0% | 70 | 16.7 | 13.5% to 20.6% | 22 | 11.2 | 7.5% to 16.3% | – |
| 4 | 80 | 13.0 | 10.6% to 15.9% | 56 | 13.4 | 10.5% to 17.0% | 24 | 12.2 | 8.3% to 17.5% | – |
| 5 (least deprived) | 75 | 12.2 | 9.8% to 15.0% | 53 | 12.7 | 9.8% to 16.2% | 22 | 11.2 | 7.5% to 16.3% | – |
| Unknown | 26 | 4.2 | 2.9% to 6.1% | 16 | 3.8 | 2.4% to 6.1% | 10 | 5.1 | 2.8% to 9.1% | |
| HIV acquisition | ||||||||||
| Route of HIV transmission | 0.006† | |||||||||
| Heterosexual sex | 191 | 31.1 | 27.5% to 34.8% | 114 | 27.3 | 23.2% to 31.7% | 77 | 39.1 | 32.5% to 46.0% | 0.002 |
| Sex between men | 300 | 48.8 | 44.8% to 52.7% | 219 | 52.4 | 47.6% to 57.1% | 81 | 41.1 | 34.5% to 48.1% | 0.014 |
| Intravenous drug use | 102 | 16.6 | 13.9% to 19.7% | 74 | 17.7 | 14.3% to 21.7% | 28 | 14.2 | 10.0% to 19.8% | 0.315 |
| Other (including blood/tissue products and mother-to-child transmission) | 7 | 1.1 | 0.6% to 2.3% | 3 | 0.7 | 0.2% to 2.1% | 4 | 2.0 | 0.8% to 5.1% | – |
| Unknown | 15 | 2.4 | 1.5% to 4.0% | 8 | 1.9 | 1.0% to 3.7% | 7 | 3.6 | 1.7% to 7.2% | – |
| Country of exposure | 0.002† | |||||||||
| Scotland | 416 | 67.6 | 63.8% to 71.2% | 302 | 72.2 | 67.8% to 76.3% | 114 | 57.9 | 50.9% to 64.5% | <0.001 |
| Rest of UK | 38 | 6.2 | 4.5% to 8.4% | 24 | 5.7 | 3.9% to 8.4% | 14 | 7.1 | 4.3% to 11.6% | 0.001 |
| European region | 36 | 5.9 | 4.3% to 8.0% | 25 | 6.0 | 4.1% to 8.7% | 11 | 5.6 | 3.1% to 9.7% | – |
| Outwith European region | 120 | 19.5 | 16.6% to 22.8% | 65 | 15.6 | 12.4% to 19.3% | 55 | 27.9 | 22.1% to 34.6% | – |
| Unknown | 5 | 0.8 | 0.3% to 1.9% | 2 | 0.5 | 0.1% to 1.7% | 3 | 1.5 | 0.5% to 4.4% | – |
| Sexual health data | ||||||||||
| Documented to have met PrEP eligibility criteria at sexual health services | 0.114 | |||||||||
| Met 1 eligibility criterion | 41 | 6.7 | 5.0% to 8.9% | 33 | 7.9 | 5.7% to 10.9% | 8 | 4.1 | 2.1% to 7.8% | – |
| Met >1 eligibility criteria | 38 | 6.2 | 4.5% to 8.4% | 27 | 6.5 | 4.5% to 9.2% | 11 | 5.6 | 3.1% to 9.7% | – |
| Criteria 1–3 not met | 124 | 20.2 | 17.2% to 23.5% | 90 | 21.5 | 17.9% to 25.7% | 34 | 17.3 | 12.6% to 23.1% | – |
| Unknown (no sexual health service attendance) | 412 | 67.0 | 63.2% to 70.6% | 268 | 64.1 | 59.4% to 68.6% | 144 | 73.1 | 66.5% to 78.8% | – |
| Ever prescribed PEPSE at SHS | 0.966 | |||||||||
| Prescribed PEPSE previously | 19 | 3.1 | 2.0% to 4.8% | 13 | 3.1 | 1.8% to 5.2% | 6 | 3.0 | 1.4% to 6.5% | – |
| Not prescribed PEPSE previously | 596 | 96.9 | 95.2% to 98.0% | 405 | 96.9 | 94.8% to 98.2% | 191 | 97.0 | 93.5% to 98.6% | – |
| Recency of HIV acquisition | 0.089 | |||||||||
| Recent (negative test within 12 months or according to avidity) | 170 | 27.6 | 24.3% to 31.3% | 127 | 30.4 | 26.2% to 35.0% | 43 | 21.8 | 16.6% to 28.1% | – |
| Established (according to avidity and no negative test within 12 months) | 394 | 64.1 | 60.2% to 67.8% | 266 | 63.6 | 58.9% to 68.1% | 128 | 65.0 | 58.1% to 71.3% | – |
| Unknown (according to avidity and no negative test within 12 months) | 51 | 8.3 | 6.4% to 10.7% | 25 | 6.0 | 4.1% to 8.7% | 26 | 13.2 | 9.2% to 18.6% | – |
| Infections which were 'potentially preventable’ | 0.39 | |||||||||
| ‘Potentially preventable' | 49 | 8.0 | 6.1% to 10.4% | 36 | 8.6 | 6.3% to 11.7% | 13 | 6.6 | 3.9% to 11.0% | – |
| Not 'potentially preventable' | 566 | 92.0 | 89.6% to 93.9% | 382 | 91.4 | 88.3% to 93.7% | 184 | 93.4 | 89.0% to 96.1% | – |
*P values compare characteristics of individuals using χ2 tests. Where findings are statistically significant, the specific characteristics holding the significance also have the p value stated.
†Unknown category excluded in the analysis.
PEPSE, post-exposure prophylaxis for sexual exposure; PrEP, pre-exposure prophylaxis.