City profiles and individual-level multivariable logistic regression (40 cities across 28 countries)
| City | Respondents | Age (years) | Diagnosed HIV | Current PrEP use* | >10 sexual partners | Screened for STIs | Disclosure of same sex sexual contacts | Blood test | Genital test | Inspection | Anal swab | |||||
| <25 | >40 | |||||||||||||||
| N | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | AOR (95% CI) | % | AOR (95% CI) | % | AOR (95% CI) | % | AOR (95% CI) | |
| Amsterdam | 786 | 5.2 | 63.4 | 19.9 | 7.8 | 45.4 | 57.9 | 91.8 | 97.8 | 1.01 (0.84 to 1.22) | 92.8 | 0.87 (0.72 to 1.04) | 21.3 | 1.14 (0.91 to 1.44) | 86.3 | 1.24 (1.04 to 1.49) |
| Athens | 1413 | 14.9 | 31.1 | 14.2 | 0.8 | 32.3 | 36.4 | 57.0 | 93.0 | 0.42 (0.36 to 0.49) | 38.3 | 0.11 (0.10 to 0.13) | 14.8 | 0.69 (0.55 to 0.86) | 8.6 | 0.04 (0.03 to 0.05) |
| Barcelona | 1571 | 13.9 | 34.6 | 18.9 | 4.3 | 44.0 | 50.0 | 79.5 | 94.0 | 0.75 (0.65 to 0.87) | 68.2 | 0.39 (0.34 to 0.45) | 16.5 | 0.80 (0.66 to 0.97) | 41.4 | 0.26 (0.22 to 0.30) |
| Belgrade | 437 | 19.0 | 22.0 | 8.5 | 0.5 | 21.5 | 18.8 | 47.7 | 87.3 | 0.17 (0.13 to 0.22) | 36.7 | 0.06 (0.05 to 0.09) | 13.9 | 0.36 (0.22 to 0.59) | 8.9 | 0.03 (0.02 to 0.05) |
| Berlin | 3190 | 8.3 | 45.8 | 19.7 | 4.7 | 40.4 | 45.5 | 90.0 | 95.1 | 0.57 (0.51 to 0.65) | 68.4 | 0.31 (0.28 to 0.35) | 22.6 | 1.07 (0.92 to 1.25) | 47.0 | 0.27 (0.24 to 0.31) |
| Birmingham | 256 | 20.7 | 37.1 | 10.2 | 3.9 | 27.0 | 49.6 | 89.7 | 93.6 | 0.75 (0.57 to 0.99) | 96.0 | 0.76 (0.58 to 1.01) | 20.0 | 1.28 (0.87 to 1.88) | 77.6 | 0.81 (0.61 to 1.07) |
| Brussels | 724 | 7.6 | 46.3 | 14.5 | 7.6 | 47.8 | 55.1 | 76.8 | 96.7 | 0.79 (0.66 to 0.96) | 68.5 | 0.36 (0.30 to 0.44) | 8.7 | 0.36 (0.26 to 0.50) | 36.7 | 0.19 (0.15 to 0.23) |
| Bucharest | 628 | 28.8 | 18.9 | 8.8 | 0.3 | 25.7 | 42.3 | 29.1 | 89.8 | 0.48 (0.39 to 0.58) | 42.6 | 0.16 (0.13 to 0.20) | 4.3 | 0.22 (0.13 to 0.37) | 5.9 | 0.03 (0.02 to 0.04) |
| Budapest | 1086 | 18.8 | 25.0 | 7.0 | 0.4 | 26.5 | 33.2 | 61.8 | 92.4 | 0.40 (0.34 to 0.47) | 38.6 | 0.13 (0.11 to 0.16) | 12.6 | 0.65 (0.50 to 0.85) | 15.5 | 0.08 (0.06 to 0.10) |
| Cologne | 848 | 10.4 | 47.8 | 17.6 | 3.4 | 35.7 | 43.7 | 87.2 | 93.6 | 0.53 (0.45 to 0.64) | 55.7 | 0.23 (0.19 to 0.27) | 12.9 | 0.53 (0.40 to 0.71) | 24.9 | 0.12 (0.10 to 0.16) |
| Copenhagen | 689 | 9.9 | 48.2 | 17.1 | 3.8 | 38.2 | 42.9 | 88.5 | 96.2 | 0.60 (0.50 to 0.72) | 69.4 | 0.37 (0.31 to 0.45) | 24.3 | 1.41 (1.11 to 1.78) | 54.9 | 0.42 (0.35 to 0.51) |
| Dublin | 910 | 16.9 | 27.8 | 8.4 | 5.0 | 31.2 | 52.9 | 93.2 | 96.6 | 0.92 (0.77 to 1.08) | 95.8 | 0.89 (0.75 to 1.05) | 30.7 | 1.99 (1.62 to 2.44) | 81.7 | 1.03 (0.87 to 1.21) |
| Hamburg | 969 | 8.5 | 48.3 | 14.4 | 2.3 | 31.8 | 39.3 | 86.5 | 94.8 | 0.44 (0.37 to 0.52) | 65.5 | 0.23 (0.20 to 0.28) | 12.6 | 0.51 (0.38 to 0.68) | 46.3 | 0.24 (0.20 to 0.29) |
| Helsinki | 498 | 9.2 | 45.0 | 8.3 | 0.8 | 29.5 | 35.0 | 67.5 | 94.1 | 0.41 (0.33 to 0.51) | 90.6 | 0.39 (0.31 to 0.48) | 32.4 | 1.54 (1.17 to 2.03) | 54.1 | 0.32 (0.25 to 0.40) |
| Istanbul | 858 | 28.2 | 16.1 | 12.8 | 1.2 | 38.4 | 31.3 | 35.6 | 94.6 | 0.25 (0.21 to 0.30) | 49.6 | 0.1 (0.08 to 0.12) | 9.7 | 0.28 (0.19 to 0.40) | 10.5 | 0.03 (0.02 to 0.04) |
| Kiev | 471 | 31.8 | 14.9 | 15.3 | 0.4 | 24.9 | 47.4 | 45.2 | 82.6 | 0.54 (0.43 to 0.67) | 36.2 | 0.16 (0.12 to 0.2) | 12.8 | 0.65 (0.45 to 0.94) | 10.1 | 0.05 (0.03 to 0.07) |
| Lisbon | 873 | 14.9 | 33.6 | 17.6 | 2.5 | 40.5 | 46.5 | 73.7 | 90.1 | 0.54 (0.46 to 0.65) | 56.1 | 0.25 (0.21 to 0.3) | 9.2 | 0.45 (0.34 to 0.61) | 21.7 | 0.11 (0.09 to 0.14) |
| Ljubljana | 269 | 18.2 | 26.4 | 7.5 | 1.9 | 19.7 | 47.5 | 80.3 | 95.2 | 0.75 (0.57 to 0.99) | 33.3 | 0.14 (0.10 to 0.20) | 7.1 | 0.48 (0.28 to 0.84) | 48.4 | 0.40 (0.29 to 0.54) |
| London | 2627 | 10.0 | 46.1 | 14.7 | 13.1 | 40.4 | 59.1 | 93.9 | 96.1 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 96.0 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 18.2 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 79.5 | 1.00 (Ref) |
| Lyon | 516 | 22.3 | 36.2 | 10.9 | 9.0 | 51.7 | 52.8 | 73.9 | 95.9 | 0.85 (0.68 to 1.06) | 71.5 | 0.44 (0.35 to 0.54) | 13.5 | 0.80 (0.59 to 1.07) | 39.0 | 0.24 (0.19 to 0.30) |
| Madrid | 2304 | 18.5 | 28.1 | 14.0 | 1.2 | 38.6 | 45.2 | 67.3 | 96.2 | 0.70 (0.61 to 0.79) | 54.6 | 0.25 (0.22 to 0.29) | 11.3 | 0.62 (0.51 to 0.75) | 21.2 | 0.11 (0.10 to 0.13) |
| Manchester | 398 | 18.6 | 34.2 | 12.8 | 8.6 | 34.2 | 50.1 | 91.2 | 92.8 | 0.83 (0.65 to 1.05) | 93.8 | 0.84 (0.66 to 1.07) | 20.5 | 1.47 (1.10 to 1.97) | 72.3 | 0.81 (0.64 to 1.02) |
| Milan | 1117 | 10.9 | 43.3 | 12.3 | 1.1 | 38.5 | 41.5 | 71.3 | 94.7 | 0.49 (0.42 to 0.57) | 36.5 | 0.12 (0.10 to 0.14) | 7.1 | 0.31 (0.23 to 0.43) | 12.9 | 0.05 (0.04 to 0.07) |
| Moscow | 2031 | 20.3 | 15.6 | 18.2 | 1.0 | 29.4 | 44.5 | 20.8 | 88.1 | 0.61 (0.54 to 0.70) | 61.3 | 0.32 (0.28 to 0.36) | 16.2 | 0.78 (0.65 to 0.95) | 18.0 | 0.08 (0.06 to 0.09) |
| Munich | 1005 | 9.1 | 44.2 | 13.0 | 2.5 | 33.3 | 41.9 | 84.5 | 92.6 | 0.45 (0.38 to 0.53) | 59.6 | 0.23 (0.19 to 0.27) | 18.1 | 0.76 (0.60 to 0.98) | 42.2 | 0.22 (0.18 to 0.26) |
| Oslo | 1044 | 16.2 | 36.7 | 7.0 | 8.2 | 25.5 | 50.6 | 93.1 | 93.2 | 0.87 (0.74 to 1.02) | 89.1 | 0.76 (0.64 to 0.89) | 8.1 | 0.51 (0.39 to 0.67) | 73.1 | 0.84 (0.71 to 0.99) |
| Paris | 2284 | 10.6 | 48.2 | 16.3 | 11.3 | 52.6 | 55.9 | 69.8 | 95.6 | 0.77 (0.67 to 0.87) | 76.2 | 0.42 (0.37 to 0.48) | 11.6 | 0.48 (0.40 to 0.58) | 43.8 | 0.24 (0.21 to 0.27) |
| Porto | 279 | 21.1 | 26.9 | 14.4 | 1.4 | 32.6 | 41.5 | 63.8 | 90.9 | 0.40 (0.30 to 0.53) | 58.2 | 0.19 (0.14 to 0.26) | 5.5 | 0.22 (0.11 to 0.45) | 14.5 | 0.04 (0.03 to 0.08) |
| Prague | 807 | 18.1 | 21.9 | 10.9 | 0.5 | 25.4 | 39.2 | 83.0 | 98.4 | 0.53 (0.44 to 0.63) | 59.9 | 0.24 (0.20 to 0.29) | 12.2 | 0.58 (0.43 to 0.79) | 28.0 | 0.16 (0.13 to 0.20) |
| Riga | 163 | 13.5 | 27.0 | 13.0 | 0.0 | 21.5 | 44.1 | 34.9 | 88.7 | 0.58 (0.41 to 0.82) | 53.5 | 0.25 (0.18 to 0.37) | 8.5 | 0.43 (0.21 to 0.90) | 8.5 | 0.04 (0.02 to 0.09) |
| Rome | 1020 | 9.3 | 47.5 | 12.8 | 0.4 | 37.6 | 35.3 | 66.4 | 93.7 | 0.36 (0.31 to 0.43) | 43.0 | 0.12 (0.10 to 0.15) | 9.7 | 0.34 (0.25 to 0.47) | 26.5 | 0.10 (0.08 to 0.13) |
| Sofia | 629 | 21.9 | 15.4 | 7.8 | 1.0 | 24.8 | 31.5 | 25.3 | 90.1 | 0.38 (0.31 to 0.46) | 38.0 | 0.14 (0.11 to 0.17) | 7.8 | 0.37 (0.24 to 0.55) | 6.8 | 0.03 (0.02 to 0.05) |
| St. Petersburg | 964 | 25.8 | 14.3 | 15.0 | 0.2 | 24.8 | 40.4 | 24.5 | 85.1 | 0.56 (0.47 to 0.66) | 67.3 | 0.37 (0.32 to 0.44) | 19.9 | 1.08 (0.86 to 1.37) | 19.9 | 0.09 (0.07 to 0.11) |
| Stockholm | 1263 | 6.2 | 59.8 | 9.7 | 1.4 | 23.6 | 43.4 | 88.9 | 94.5 | 0.66 (0.56 to 0.76) | 91.9 | 0.61 (0.52 to 0.71) | 24.8 | 1.41 (1.15 to 1.73) | 73.3 | 0.73 (0.63 to 0.85) |
| Tallinn | 126 | 16.7 | 29.4 | 4.0 | 0.0 | 19.0 | 32.2 | 18.8 | 79.5 | 0.31 (0.21 to 0.47) | 74.4 | 0.27 (0.18 to 0.41) | 10.3 | 0.50 (0.22 to 1.14) | 15.4 | 0.06 (0.03 to 0.14) |
| Turin | 340 | 14.4 | 45.0 | 11.9 | 0.3 | 34.4 | 36.8 | 80.9 | 93.4 | 0.38 (0.29 to 0.49) | 71.9 | 0.26 (0.20 to 0.33) | 29.8 | 1.17 (0.83 to 1.66) | 51.2 | 0.28 (0.21 to 0.37) |
| Valencia | 422 | 23.0 | 29.4 | 11.2 | 1.7 | 34.0 | 38.5 | 65.7 | 96.8 | 0.54 (0.43 to 0.68) | 42.9 | 0.15 (0.12 to 0.20) | 15.4 | 0.65 (0.44 to 0.96) | 18.6 | 0.09 (0.06 to 0.13) |
| Vienna | 1120 | 15.1 | 35.0 | 10.1 | 3.4 | 31.7 | 38.5 | 79.6 | 94.2 | 0.46 (0.39 to 0.54) | 58.9 | 0.23 (0.19 to 0.27) | 16.4 | 0.76 (0.60 to 0.97) | 30.4 | 0.15 (0.12 to 0.18) |
| Warsaw | 939 | 19.2 | 17.1 | 12.8 | 1.0 | 29.8 | 37.3 | 58.7 | 96.2 | 0.45 (0.38 to 0.53) | 37.8 | 0.11 (0.09 to 0.13) | 3.8 | 0.18 (0.11 to 0.28) | 7.9 | 0.03 (0.02 to 0.04) |
| Zurich | 565 | 5.3 | 49.9 | 14.7 | 7.3 | 42.1 | 48.5 | 89.8 | 93.3 | 0.66 (0.53 to 0.81) | 77.5 | 0.42 (0.34 to 0.52) | 16.1 | 0.69 (0.51 to 0.94) | 47.9 | 0.32 (0.26 to 0.40) |
The denominator for proportions of MSM with disclosure of same sex sexual contacts, and for the proportions of MSM receiving any of the four diagnostic procedures is the number of MSM screened for STIs in the previous 12 months in the respective city. The AOR refers to all MSM in the respective city.
*PrEP use includes daily and on-demand use.
AOR, adjusted Odds Ratio; MSM, men who have sex with men; PrEP, pre-exposure prophylaxis.