Study | Country | No. participants tested during campaign (see descriptors) | Median age (range) | Campaign length (weeks) | Health promotion campaign methods | |||||
Print* | Verbal† | Web-based‡ | Social media§ | Peer¶ | Direct** | |||||
Anderson et al 21 | USA | 333†† | NR (NR) | 6 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
Buhrer-Skinner et al 22 | Australia | 341‡‡ | 22.6 (19.6–28) | 48 | Y | N | Y | N | Y | N |
Chen et al 23 | Australia | NR | NR (16–30) | 60 | Y | N | Y | N | N | N |
Debattista et al 24 | Australia | 109‡‡ | NR (NR) | 39 | Y | N | Y | N | N | N |
Dowshen et al 41 | USA | 4628‡‡ | 17.2 (SD±1.86)§§ | 52 | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | N |
Friedman et al 26 | USA | NR | NR (NR) | 34 | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y |
Friedman et al 25 | USA | NR | NR (NR) | 104 | Y | Y | N | N | Y | Y |
Garbers et al 38 | USA | 266†† | NR (15–25) | 12 | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | N |
Gobin et al 27 | England | NR | NR (15–24) | 4 | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N |
Gold et al 28 | Australia | NR | NR (NR) | 4 | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | N |
Kwan et al 30 | Australia | 159‡‡ | 16–24 | 2 and 12 | Y | Y | N | N | N | N |
Miller et al 31 | Australia | 5516†† | NR (15–35) | 8 | Y | Y | N | N | N | N |
Nadarzynski et al 37 | England | 472‡‡ | NR (13–24) | NR | N | N | N | Y | N | N |
Roston et al 32 | USA | NR | 21.2 (±2.5)§§ | 4 and 4 | Y | Y | N | N | N | N |
Rotblatt et al 33 | USA | 1619‡‡ | 22.3 (12–26) | 52 | Y | Y | N | N | Y | N |
Wackett et al 34 | Canada | 911‡‡ | NR (NR) | 16 | Y | Y | N | N | Y | N |
Wilkins and Mak39 | Australia | NR | NR (18–29) | 12 | Y | Y | Y | N | N | Y |
This table is not reproduced from another source and has been created by the review team for the current publication.
*Print media: posters, newspaper/magazine articles, leaflets, other materials, for example, credit cards, beer mats.
†Verbal media: radio adverts, TV adverts.
‡Web-based: internet sites used mainly for campaigns materials (not just for ordering kits).
§Social media: Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, etc.
¶Peer: engaging peers to deliver campaigning and materials, for example, at University events, in nightclubs.
**Direct: materials direct to personal technology devices, for example, SMS, Facebook push adverts.
††Number screened at event/clinic.
‡‡Kits returned.
§§Mean and SD reported in place of median (range).
N, no/absent; NR, not reported; Y, yes/present.