Baseline characteristics associated with prevalent or incident GC, CT or combined CT/GC infection
| CT/GC | CT | GC | ||||
| Univariate RR (95% CI) | Multivariable RR (95% CI) | Univariate RR (95% CI) | Multivariable RR (95% CI) | Univariate RR (95% CI) | Multivariable RR (95% CI) | |
| Baseline infection | ||||||
| Site | ||||||
| Cape Town vs Harare | 2.10 (1.38, 3.18) | 2.38 (1.35, 4.19)** | 1.96 (1.26, 3.06) | 2.41 (1.31, 4.43)** | 2.76 (1.22, 6.22) | 2.28 (0.88, 5.89) |
| Johannesburg vs Harare | 1.46 (0.96, 2.26) | 1.13 (0.67, 1.91) | 1.52 (0.96, 2.40) | 1.27 (0.73, 2.22) | 0.68 (0.24, 1.98) | 0.52 (0.15, 1.84) |
| Age (years)* | 0.86 (0.72, 1.02) | 0.95 (0.79, 1.14) | ||||
| Living arrangements | ||||||
| Lives with partner vs parents and/or siblings | 0.54 (0.20, 1.44) | 0.85 (0.44, 1.64) | 0.84 (0.54, 1.34) | 1.01 (0.51, 1.98) | ||
| Lives with other vs parents and/or siblings | 0.68 (0.28, 1.66) | 1.87 (1.13, 3.08)* | 1.34 (0.90, 1.98) | 1.93 (1.14, 3.27)* | ||
| Modified risk score* | 1.34 (0.96, 1.84) | 1.25 (0.87, 1.79) | ||||
| No of vaginal sex acts, past month* | 1.04 (1.00, 1.06) | 1.03 (1.00, 1.06)* | ||||
| Condom use at last sex | 0.66 (0.46, 0.98) | 0.67 (0.45, 0.99)* | 0.68 (0.46, 1.02) | 0.69 (0.46, 1.05) | ||
| Incident infection | ||||||
| Site | ||||||
| Cape Town vs Harare | 1.60 (1.08, 2.36) | 1.14 (0.70, 1.86) | 1.50 (0.94, 2.42) | 1.39 (0.78, 2.48) | 2.20 (1.12, 4.34) | 2.40 (1.18, 4.90)* |
| Johannesburg vs Harare | 0.96 (0.62, 1.48) | 0.56 (0.31, 1.00)* | 1.22 (0.76, 1.98) | 0.87 (0.48, 1.56) | 0.14 (0.04, 0.64) | 0.15 (0.33, 0.70)* |
| Age (years)* | 0.94 (0.86, 1.00) | 1.01 (0.91, 1.11) | ||||
| CES-D score* | 1.02 (1.00, 1.06) | 1.02 (0.99, 1.05) | 1.04 (1.02, 1.08) | 1.05 (1.01, 1.09)** | 1.00 (0.94, 1.06) | 1.00 (0.95, 1.06) |
| Age difference of primary partner | 0.94 (0.88, 1.00) | 0.94 (0.88, 1.01) | 0.94 (0.88, 1.02) | 0.95 (0.88, 1.02) | ||
| Long-acting contraceptive use (baseline)† | 1.42 (0.92, 2.18) | 1.18 (0.69, 2.03) | ||||
| Anal sex, past month | ||||||
| Yes vs no | 1.18 (0.74, 1.90) | 1.34 (0.76, 2.33) | ||||
| Prefer not to answer vs no | 0.70 (0.50, 0.98) | 0.75 (0.49, 1.15) | ||||
| CT/GC at baseline | 1.66 (1.20, 2.32)** | 1.66 (1.12, 2.45)* | ||||
| CT at baseline | 1.84 (1.26, 2.66) | 2.01 (1.28, 3.15)** | ||||
| Detectable TFV-DP‡ | 1.00 (0.73, 1.35) | 0.78 (0.54, 1.13) | 1.46 (0.86, 2.49) | |||
| TFV-DP ≥700 fmol/punch‡ | 1.00 (0.63, 1.58) | 0.76 (0.43, 1.34) | 1.96 (0.98, 3.91) | 2.04 (1.02, 4.08)* | ||
*P<0.05, **p<0.005.
*Continuous variables.
†Long-acting reversible contraceptive includes injectables, implants and intrauterine devices.
‡Based on DBS collected at month 6 and/or 12.
CES-D, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression; CT, Chlamydia trachomatis; DBS, dried blood spots; GC, Neisseria gonorrhoeae; RR, relative risk; TFV-DP, tenofovir-diphosphate.