Table 1

Characteristics of included studies

Author, year	Type of study	Total	Vaccinated	Pretreatment CIN2+ (proportion, %)	Treatment	Vaccine valency (proportion, %)	Fully vaccinated (proportion, %)	Timing	Range of follow-up (in months)*
Grzes et al, 201133	C	75	25	81	LEEP, CKC	HPV4	100	After conisation	24–24
Joura et al, 201234	Pha-RCT	1066	474	100	LEEP (85%), conisation (13%), cryotherapy (1%)	HPV4	∽100	Previous vaccination—mean of 28 and 30 months before conisation	2–48
Kang et al, 201335	C	737	360	100	LEEP	HPV4	100	1 week after conisation	6–48
Hildesheim et al, 201636	Pha-RCT	737†	362†	100	LEEP	HPV2	80	Previous vaccination—median of 28 months before conisation	15–40
Garland et al, 201637	Pha-RCT	454	190	100	LEEP, conisation	HPV2	n.r.	Previous vaccination—mean of 19 and 27 months before conisation	2–48
Ortega-Quiñonero et al, 201838	C	242	103	100	LEEP	HPV2 (68); HPV4 (33)	100	1 month before (45%) and 1 month after (55%) conisation	24–24
Pieralli et al, 201839	RCT	178	89	100	Conisation	HPV4	100	3 months after conisation	36–36
Ghelardi et al, 201840	CC	344	172	100	LEEP	HPV4	100	1 month after conisation	6–48
Sand et al, 201941	C	17 128	2 074	100	Conisation	HPV4	100	3 months before (19%) and ≤12 months after conisation (81%)	12–12
Vinnytska, 201942	C	113	76	100	LEEP	HPV2 (n.r.), HPV4 (n.r.)	100	2 months before conisation (2nd dose at conisation)	36–36
Bogani et al, 202043	C	300	100	100	LEEP	HPV4 (93)	68	<3 months after conisation (82%); 3–6 months after conisation (4%)	60–60
Del Pino et al, 202044	C	265	153	90.6	LEEP	HPV2 (20), HPV4 (5), HPV9 (64)	100	0–12 months after conisation	8–77
Karimi-Zarchi et al, 202045	RCT	162	93	100	LEEP‡	HPV4	75	At the time of conisation	24–24
Petrillo et al, 202046	C	285	182	97.5	LEEP	HPV4 (98)	100	1 month after conisation	24–60
Zhao et al, 202047	Pha-RCT	625†	330†	18.7 (HSIL)	LEEP, CKC	HPV2	100	Previous vaccination—median of 17 months before conisation	32–64
Gómez de la Rosa et al, 202148	C	331	160	100	LEEP	HPV2 (n.r.), HPV4 (n.r.)	n.r.	<6 months after conisation	48–48
Casajuana-Pérez et al, 202249	C	563	277	93.6	LEEP	HPV2 (n.r.), HPV4 (n.r.) HPV9 (n.r.)	92	>1 month before (21%), <1 month before (4%), <1 month after (5%), 1–6 months after (51%), >6 months (19%) after conisation	15–51
Henere et al, 202250	C	398	306	100 (HSIL)	LEEP	HPV9	92	4 months before (37%); mean 5 months after (63%) conisation	9–31
Shiravani et al, 202251	CC	300	150	54.7	LEEP‡	HPV4	n.r.	After conisation	24–24
Chen et al, 202352	C	421	148	100	LEEP	HPV4	100	<3 months after conisation	24–48

Fully vaccinated women received three vaccine doses.
*Minimum–maximum, first–third quartile, or sum of mean and ±SD of follow-up.
†Person-days.
‡Algorithm of the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology.
C, cohort study; CC, case–control study; CIN2+, high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; CKC, cold knife cone; HPV2/HPV4/HPV9, bivalent/quadrivalent/nonavalent human papillomavirus vaccine; HSIL, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion; LEEP, loop electrosurgical excision procedure; n.r, not reported; pha-RCT, post-hoc analysis of randomised clinical trial; RCT, randomised clinical trial.