Skip to main content
Log in

Sexual Risk Following a Sexually Transmitted Disease Diagnosis: The More Things Change the More They Stay the Same

  • Published:
Journal of Behavioral Medicine Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to assess changes in sexual risk behaviors, attitudes toward using condoms, and perceived susceptibility to future STDs for adolescent females who recently were diagnosed with an incident STD compared to those who were not diagnosed with an incident STD. Adolescent females (N=308) were assessed at two time points, 6 months apart. Ninety-two participants were diagnosed with an STD, and 216 were not diagnosed with an STD in between the two time points. Results indicated that adolescents did not significantly change their behaviors, attitudes, or perceptions following the diagnosis of an incident STD compared to those who were not diagnosed with an incident STD. This suggests that an STD diagnosis alone is not sufficient to motivate adolescent females to reduce their sexual risk behavior and change their sexual risk attitudes and perceptions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  • Adib, S. M., and Ostrow, D. G. (1991). Trends in HIV/AIDS behavioural research among homosexual and bisexual men in the United States: 1981–1991. AIDS Care3: 281–287.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alan Guttmacher Institute. (1999). Teenagers' Sexual and Reproductive Health, Alan Guttmacher Institute, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brownell, K. D., Marlatt, G. A., Lichtenstein, E., and Wilson, G. T. (1986). Understanding and preventing relapse. Am. Psychol.I41: 765–782.

    Google Scholar 

  • CDC. (2002). Sexually Transmitted Surveillance 2001(No. V49, 27), CDC, Atlanta, GA.

  • Connecticut Department of Public. (1999). Connecticut DepartmInt of Public Health Vital Statistics Report, Connecticut Department of Public, Hartford, CT.

    Google Scholar 

  • Connecticut Department of Public. (2000). Connecticut Department of Public Health STD Con-trol Program, Connecticut Department of Public, Hartford, CT.

  • Coyle, K., Basen-Engquist, K., Kirby, D., Parcel, G., Banspach, S., Harrist, R., et al. (1999). Short-term impact of safer choices: A multi-component, school-based HIV, other STD, and pregnancy prevention program. J. School Health69: 181–188.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crosby, R., Leichliter, J. S., and Brackbill, R. (2000). Longitudinal prediction of sexually trans-mitted diseases among adolescents: Results from a national survey. Am. J. Prev. Med.18: 312–317.

    Google Scholar 

  • Diclemente, R. J., Wingood, G. M., Sionean, C., Crosby, R., Harrington, K., Davies, S., et al. (2002). Association of adolescents' history of sexually transmitted disease (STD) and their current high-risk behavior and STD status: A case for intensifying clinic-based prevention efforts. Sex. Transm. Dis.29: 503–509.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ellen, J. M., Aral, S. O., and Madger, L. S. (1998). Do differences in sexual behaviors account for the racial/ethnic differences in adolescents' self-reported history of a sexually transmitted disease? Sex. Transm. Dis.25: 125–129.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ethier, K. A., Kershaw, T., Niccolai, L., Lewis, J. B., and Ickovics, J. R. (2003). Adolescent women underestimate their susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections. Sex. Transm. Infect.79: 408–411.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fishbein, M., and Pequegnat, W. (2000). Evaluating AIDS prevention interventions using be-havioral and biological outcome measures. Sex. Transm. Dis. 27: 101–110.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, J. D., and Fisher, W. A. (1992). Changing AIDS-risk behavior. Psychol. Bull.111: 455–474.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fleisher, J. M., Senie, R. T., Minkoff, H., and Jaccard, J. (1994). Condom use relative to knowl-edge of sexually transmitted disease prevention, method of birth control, and past or present infection. J. Commun. Health19: 395–407.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fortenberry, J. D., Brizendine, E. J., Katz, B. P., and Orr, D. P. (2002). Post-treatment sexual and prevention behaviours of adolescents with sexually transmitted infections. Sex. Transm. Infect.78: 365–368.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fortenberry, J. D., Brizendine, E. J., Katz, B. P., Wools, K. K., Blythe, M. J., and Orr, D. P. (1999). Subsequent sexually transmitted infections among adolescent women with genital. infection due to Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, or Trichomonas vaginalis. Sex. Transm. Dis.26: 26–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilchrist, L. D., Hussey, J. M., Gillmore, M. R., Lohr, M. J., and Morrison, D. M. (1996). Drug use among adolescent mothers: Prepregnancy to 18 months postpartum. J. Adolesc. Health 19: 337–344.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hughes, G., Brady, A. R., Catchpole, M. A., Fenton, K. A., Rogers, P. A., Kinghorn, G. R., et al. (2001). Characteristics of those who repeatedly acquire sexually transmitted infections: A retrospective cohort study of attendees at three urban sexually transmitted disease clinics in England. Sex. Transm. Dis.28: 379–386.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ickovics, J. R., Morrill, A. C., Beren, S. E., Walsh, U., and Rodin, J. (1994). Limited effects of HIV counseling and testing for women: A prospective study of behavioral and psychological consequences. JAMA272: 443–448.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ickovics, J. R., Niccolai, L. M., Lewis, J. B., Kershaw, T. S., and Ethier, K. A. (2003). High postpartum rates of sexually transmitted infections among teens: Pregnancy as a window of opportunity for prevention. Sex. Transm. Infect.79: 469–473.

    Google Scholar 

  • Janz, N. K., and Becker, M. H. (1984). The Health Belief Model: A decade later. Health Educ. Quart.11: 1–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaworski, B. C., and Carey, M. P. (2001). Effects of a brief, theory-based STD-prevention pro-gram for female college students. J. Adolesc. Health29: 417–425.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kauth, M. R., St. Lawrence, J. S., and Kelly, J. A. (1991). Reliability of retrospective assessments of sexual HIV risk behavior: A comparison of biweekly, three-month, and twelve-month self-reports. AIDS Educ. Prev.3: 207–214.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kershaw, T. S., Ethier, K. A., Niccolai, L. M., Lewis, J. B., and Ickovics, J. R. (2003) a. Misper-ceived risk among adolescent females: Social and psychological factors associated with sexual risk accuracy. Health Psychol.22: 523–532.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kershaw, T. S., Niccolai, L. M., Ethier, K. A., Lewis, J. B., and Ickovics, J. R. (2003) b. Perceived susceptibility of HIV, STD, and pregnancy among pregnant and non-pregnant adolescents. J. Commun. Psychol.31: 419–434.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kershaw, T. S., Niccolai, L. M., Ickovics, J. R., Lewis, J. B., Meade, C. S., and Ethier, K. A. (2003c). Short and long-term impact of adolescent pregnancy on postpartum contraceptive use: Implications for prevention of repeat pregnancy. J. Adolesc. Health 33: 359–368.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kissinger, P., Clayton, J. L., O'Brien, M. E., Kent, C., Whittington, W. L., Oh, M. K., et al. (2002). Older partners not associated with recurrence among female teenagers infected with Chlamydia trachomatis. Sex. Transm. Dis. 29: 144–149.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mizuno, Y., Kennedy, M., Seals, B., and Myllyluoma, J. (2000). Predictors of teens' attitudes toward condoms: Gender differences in the effects of norms. J. Appl. Soc. Psychol. 30: 1381–1395.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morrill, A. C., Ickovics, J. R., Golubchikov, V. V., Beren, S. E., and Rodin, J. (1996). Safer sex: Social and psychological predictors of behavioral maintenance and change among heterosexual women. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 64: 819–828.

    Google Scholar 

  • Niccolai, L. M., Ethier, K. A., Kershaw, T. S., Lewis, J. B., and Ickovics, J. R. (2003). Pregnant adolescents at risk: Sexual behaviors and sexually transmitted disease prevalence. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 188: 63–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Noar, S. M., Morokoff, P. J., and Redding, C. A. (2001). An examination of transtheoretical predictors of condom use in late-adolescent heterosexual men. J. Appl. Biobehav. Res. 6: 1–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • O'Campo, P., Deboer, M., Faden, R. R., Kass, N., Gielen, A. C., and Anderson, J. (1992). Prior episode of sexually transmitted disease and subsequent sexual risk-reduction practices. A need for improved risk-reduction interventions. Sex. Transm. Dis.19: 326–330.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prochaska, J. O., DiClemente, C. C., and Norcross, J. C. (1992). In search of how people change: Applications to addictive behaviors. Am. Psychol.47: 1102–1114.

    Google Scholar 

  • Radecki, S. E., and Beckman, L. J. (1994). Contraceptive risk-taking in a medically-underserved, low-income population. Women's Health J.21: 1–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rietmeijer, C. A., Van Bemmelen, R., Judson, F. N., and Douglas, J. M.,Jr. (2002). Incidence and repeat infection rates of Chlamydia trachomatis among male and female patients in an STD clinic: Implications for screening and rescreening. Sex. Transm. Dis.29: 65–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roye, C. F. (1998). Condom use by Hispanic and African-American adolescent girls who use hormonal contraception. J. Adolesc. Health23: 205–211.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sacco, W. P., Levine, B., Reed, D. L., and Thompson, K. (1991). Attitudes about condom use as an AIDS-relevant behavior: Their factor structure and relation to condom use. Psychol. Assess.3: 265–272.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sacco, W. P., Rickman, R. L., Thompson, K., Levine, B., and Reed, D. L. (1993). Gender differ-ences in AIDS-relevant condom attitudes and condom use. AIDS Educ. Prev.5: 311–326.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schroder, K. E., Carey, M. P., and Vanable, P. A. (2003). Methodological challenges in research on sexual risk behavior: Accuracy of self-reports. Ann. Behav. Med.26: 104–123.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sikkema, K. J., Kelly, J. A., Winett, R. A., Solomon, L. J., Cargill, V. A., Roffman, R. A., et al. (2000). Outcomes of a randomized community-level HIV prevention intervention for women living in 18 low-income housing developments. Am. J. Public Health90: 57–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • St. Lawrence, J. S., Brasfield, T. L., Jefferson, K. W., Alleyne, E., O'Bannon, R. E., and Shirley, A. (1995). Cognitive-behavioral intervention to reduce African American adolescents' risk for HIV infection. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol.63: 221–237.

    Google Scholar 

  • St. Lawrence, J. S., Reitman, D., Jefferson, K. W., Alleyne, E., Brasfield, T. L., and Shirley, A. (1994). Factor structure and validation of an adolescent version of the Condom Atti-tude Scale: An instrument for measuring adolescents' attitudes toward condoms. Psychol. Assess.6: 352–359.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wagstaff, D. A., Delamater, J. D., and Havens, K. K. (1999). Subsequent infection among ado-lescent African-American males attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic. J. Adolesc. Health25: 217–226.

    Google Scholar 

  • Warszawski, J., and Meyer, L. (1998). Gender difference in persistent at-risk sexual behavior after a diagnosed sexually transmitted disease. Sex. Transm. Dis.25: 437–442.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolitski, R. J., MacGowan, R. J., Higgins, D. L., and Jorgensen, C. M. (1997). The effects of HIV counseling and testing on risk-related practices and help-seeking behavior. AIDS Educ. Prev.9: 52–67.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kershaw, T.S., Ickovics, J.R., Lewis, J.B. et al. Sexual Risk Following a Sexually Transmitted Disease Diagnosis: The More Things Change the More They Stay the Same. J Behav Med 27, 445–461 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOBM.0000047609.75395.62

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOBM.0000047609.75395.62

Navigation