Background: Evidence of an STD-HIV interaction and the availability of noninvasive urine-based screening tests have resulted in an increased focus on chlamydial infections in men.
Goal: To evaluate the prevalence of chlamydial infections among men with urethritis at the San Francisco City Clinic (SFCC).
Study design: In 1997, male SFCC patients diagnosed with urethritis were tested for chlamydia using urine-based ligase chain reaction and for gonorrhea using urethral culture.
Results: Gonorrhea was identified in 45% of men who have sex with men (MSM) versus 26% of men who have sex with women (MSW). Among men with gonorrhea, chlamydia coinfection was found among 15.2% of MSM and 8.4% of MSW. Among men with nongonococcal urethritis, 18% and 20% of MSM and MSW had chlamydial infection, respectively. Young age was associated with chlamydial infection in MSM.
Conclusion: After a period of low chlamydial infection rates in MSM during the pre-AIDS era, infection rates are increasing among this population. SFCC's revised clinical practice guidelines include chlamydia testing of MSM with urethritis.